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Your gateway to revolutionizing payment flows in the digital economy.
We've enabled AI on this Gitbook! Feel free to make questions on the search bar to access this feature!
Trustless Work is an Escrow-as-a-Service platform designed to secure transactions with transparency, efficiency, and scalability. Whether you’re a developer looking to integrate blockchain-powered escrows, a platform aiming to build user trust, or an innovator seeking new financial solutions, you’re in the right place.
We’ve organized everything you need into clear sections tailored to your role:
Key milestones and achievements (DraperU Astro Hacker House, ETH Pura Vida Hackathon).
Welcome to the story of Trustless Work—a journey fueled by innovation, collaboration, and a vision to redefine how escrows operate in the modern economy.
Our journey began with a problem: the inefficiencies and risks of traditional payment systems. From there, a passionate team came together to develop a groundbreaking solution that has already reached significant milestones and is poised to transform industries worldwide.
Our journey is divided into key chapters, each showcasing a crucial part of our evolution:
Ready to dive deeper? Use the navigation below to follow our journey step by step or jump directly to the chapter that interests you the most!
Escrows are a great way to solve for trust.
Escrows are neutral way to hold funds while specific conditions are met. Most people tend to think about Real Estate when I mention escrows, and they are right! we DO use escrows for Real Estate and high value transactions!
But Escrows are useful for so many things, for example, marketplaces like Upwork and Ebay use them:
Ebay and Upwork can afford to build their own escrow infrastructure. Well, sort of... Ebay actually uses Escrow.com, a huge legacy escrow company that takes between (3% - 8%) , Upwork, built Upwork Escrow inc. But thats not the reality of most businesses...
Platforms that could greatly benefit from the use of escrows don't use them because of the technical complexity and cost of building an escrow infrastructure.
Escrows with Fiat are next to impossible to build (Legacy escrows). Escrows are more commonly found on high value transactions, like Real Estate, Merge and Aquisitions, and cross border trade mainly because they are costly and sloe. Fiat requires bank accounts or a complex settlement system to achieve this functionality. I've met people who toook a year to build their escrow infrastrucute, A YEAR!
Blockchain obviously solves this, but complexity to built it is still high. Blockchain and web3 are the perfect solution for this, but we can't expect for every marketplace out there to have a Smart Contract engineer. Getting to experiment, test and scale with this technology is resource intensive and has a steep learning curve.
A simple, scalable solution for anyone to integrate blockchain-based escrows to their payment flow.
A quick-start guide to help you onboard with Trustless Work. Perfect for developers and businesses looking to explore the platform.
Complete technical documentation for developers, including endpoints, code examples, and troubleshooting tips.
Discover how Trustless Work transforms industries, from marketplaces to crowdfunding.
Dive into the technical architecture, featuring Stellar, Soroban, and smart escrows.
Join our growing ecosystem, explore our open-source projects, and see where we’re headed next.
🤔 : Learn about the challenges that inspired Trustless Work, rooted in firsthand experience with outdated payment models.
👾 : Meet the passionate team of innovators who made this vision possible.
💡: Explore the foundation of Trustless Work—a smarter, faster, and trustless escrow solution.
🏆 : Relive the pivotal moments, from hackathons to accelerator programs, that shaped our growth.
🚀: Dive into the exciting initiatives and collaborations driving our current success.
🛠️ : See how our technology is powering specialized solutions for industries like real estate, agriculture, and more.
🌎 : Discover Kindify, a standout use case transforming social impact crowdfunding.
🔮 : Get a glimpse into where Trustless Work is headed and our aspirations for the future.
Get Started: Begin integrating Trustless Work today.
Learn More: Explore our mission, vision, and journey so far.
Contact Us: Need help? Reach out to our team for assistance.
With a great problem identified and a motivated team in place, it was time to explore the solution. Alberto presented his research and findings, laying the foundation for what would become Trustless Work.
Escrows have long been a trusted mechanism for securing payments, but traditional systems are inefficient, costly, and inaccessible for smaller contracts.
💡 The Insight Trustless Work introduces decentralized escrow contracts—an agile, blockchain-based solution that ensures transparency, security, and fairness for all parties involved.
Using Escrows to Mitigate Risks
Guarantees payment for service providers.
Protects clients from incomplete or subpar work.
Builds trust in transactions by holding funds securely until conditions are met.
Conventional escrow systems come with significant drawbacks:
🏦 Reliance on Banks and Lawyers: Intermediaries introduce high costs and delays.
💸 High Fees: Escrow services are often prohibitively expensive for smaller transactions.
⏳ Slow Processing: Settlement times can stretch into days or weeks.
Escrow solutions are already solving critical problems in established platforms:
🛒 eBay: Escrow mitigates risks between buyers and sellers in e-commerce.
💼 Upwork: Escrow protects freelancers and clients in service-based transactions.
Trustless Work builds on this proven concept but leverages blockchain to eliminate the need for centralized intermediaries.
Our team recognized that milestone-based payments would be the best starting point, especially for clients and service providers. This targeted solution provided a clear path to:
Demonstrate feasibility.
Showcase the potential of blockchain-powered escrows.
Develop a scalable product.
🎯 The Result This focus on milestone-based payments and a clear value proposition helped us secure a spot in the Astro Hacker House program, where our journey truly began.
Trustless Work is actively participating in programs and campaigns that fuel our growth, enhance our product, and build a strong developer community.
🌟 Draper Embark Program
A 10-week accelerator helping us refine our product strategy and connect with investors.
Learn more
💻 OD Hack Campaigns
Open-source developer engagement that has significantly contributed to our product maturity.
Learn more
Great ideas need great teams. For Trustless Work, everything began to align when a vibrant community and a shared vision brought the right people together.
🌟 A Two-Way Partnership Dojo Coding continues to be a cornerstone for Trustless Work’s development efforts, while Trustless Work contributes back to the community by engaging developers, sharing insights, and strengthening the broader web3 ecosystem.
Within Dojo Coding, Joel reached out to Alberto, eager to team up for something meaningful: ✉️ Joel’s Message
“Hey, we’re forming a team, and we’re looking for a product idea. Want to collaborate?”
“Yeah, sure.” 😎
🎯 A Shared Goal From the beginning, their focus was clear: build a solution that could get into Astro Hacker House, refine the idea, and set the foundation for something transformative.
With a clear problem to solve and a team aligned on the mission, Trustless Work began to take shape. This was no longer just an idea—it was a collaboration fueled by a shared belief in the power of blockchain to simplify and secure payments. LFG! 🚀
Alberto joined Dojo Coding, a dynamic and vibrant community of web3 developers from Latin America. Focused on open-source innovation, collaboration, and solving meaningful problems with blockchain technology, Dojo Coding plays a pivotal role in fostering talent and building impactful projects.
On our first call, Alberto pitched the initial idea for Trustless Work and shared an exciting opportunity: the application for the program by Draper University. The team immediately recognized the potential and decided to target this program as their first milestone.
Trustless Work was accepted into the Draper/Stellar Embark Program, marking a significant milestone in our journey. This 10-week program connected us with Draper University and Stellar Ventures, making them our first investors.
Program Highlights:
🌍 10 Startups from Around the World: Joined a global cohort of innovators.
📈 Focus on Growth: The program enabled us to refine our product strategy, improve our go-to-market plan, and scale further.
🎓 Access to Mentorship: Gained insights from experienced VCs and founders to prepare for an eventual fundraise.
📅 Demo Day to Investors: The program concludes with a public demo day, offering exposure to a network of investors.
Every great innovation starts with a problem. For Trustless Work, it began with firsthand experience in the inefficiencies of traditional contracting and payment systems.
Alberto, the founder of Trustless Work, encountered these challenges while running a digital product agency. The pain points were clear: traditional payment models were unreliable, inefficient, and costly.
Acting as both a client for Argentine development teams and a service provider for U.S.-based clients revealed a flawed system, including:
⏳Payment Delays: Long waiting periods created cash flow crunches.
💰Upfront Costs: High initial payments were risky for clients and service providers alike.
⚙️Inefficient Models: The typical payment structure—50% upfront and 50% upon delivery—left both sides vulnerable.
Alberto’s insights were validated while engaging with other agencies during a pop-up city in Buenos Aires. It became evident that these challenges weren’t unique—they were systemic.
The inefficiencies of traditional systems inspired the idea of a better approach:
🤝A payment model that minimizes risk for all parties involved.
⚡Automation to eliminate delays and reduce manual intervention.
🔍Transparency to foster trust between clients and providers.
Alberto now had a great problem to solve—he just needed a team crazy enough to believe in the vision and help make it real!
The next major milestone was the launch of our API V1, an essential step in validating our technology and gathering feedback from developers.
🎯 Our Plan We sponsored the ETH Pura Vida hackathon and allocated 10% of the DraperU grant to organize and support the event.
Hackathon Highlights:
📋 Participation:
55 Developers Registered, with 35 actively participating across 8 teams.
💡 Diverse Projects: Developers built innovative solutions using our API, including:
House rentals with automated escrows
Agricultural financing
Privacy-focused payment systems
Revenue-sharing for ridesharing apps like Uber
🌱 Community Growth:
Created a Telegram group with over 30 members, fostering ongoing collaboration.
Received invaluable feedback on our codebase, documentation, and overall vision.
🤝 Customer Leads: Connected with potential reference customers interested in integrating Trustless Work into their platforms.
Every journey has pivotal moments that shape its future. Explore the key milestones in Trustless Work’s evolution:
🌌 DraperU Stellar Astro Hacker House
A three-week accelerator program that validated our solution and shaped our focus on an API-first approach.
⚙️ Launching the API V1 at ETH Pura Vida Hackathon
Our first API release, tested and validated by developers during an Ethereum hackathon.
OnlyDust is a platform that connects open-source contributors with projects in need of development. It fosters collaboration within the web3 ecosystem by providing funding, mentorship, and tools for decentralized teams.
Why It Matters:
OnlyDust empowers developers to work on impactful blockchain projects like Trustless Work.
Through hackathons and campaigns, it helps projects scale while nurturing a thriving developer community.
Key Achievements:
🤝 First Contributors: Onboarded developers who contributed to our Smart Contracts and Escrow UI, laying a solid foundation for future iterations.
🛠️ Integration by Other Teams: Four teams using Trustless Work’s API also benefited from contributors and funding, helping them grow alongside us.
📋 Issue Assignments: A total of 58 issues (across Trustless Work and related projects) were completed, showcasing strong developer engagement.
Escrow UI Development: During OD Hack #10, we built the first version of our Escrow UI—a form-based interface enabling developers to:
Fill in escrow details.
Visualize how contracts are created.
Looking Ahead to OD Hack #11:
🛠️ Developer Mode: Introducing a new feature allowing developers to see how API requests are constructed as they interact with the UI.
📈 Simplifying Integration: This enhancement will make it easier for developers to implement our solutions in real-world use cases.
The was a significant success, bringing new contributors and advancing our product.
Trustless Work is pioneering a whole new category of escrows, unlocking opportunities for innovative use cases across diverse industries. The potential is immense, and we’re supporting builders to turn their visions into scalable verticals—each targeting massive markets independently.
We believe in the power of builders to transform ideas into impact. While anyone can build on Trustless Work without needing permission, we offer support in product development, business models, and scaling for those who align with our vision.
From hackathon concepts to fully-fledged verticals, here’s how some of our initial projects are taking shape:
Origin: Initially focused on house rentals.
Evolution: Pivoted to offer security deposit solutions for broader applications, including:
Hotels
Car rentals
Directories requiring secure payment interactions.
Origin: Collaboration between Kindify and Revolutionary Farmers.
Solution: An escrow-based crowdfunding mechanism allowing multiple funders to contribute.
Flexible Fund Release Options: By milestone or as a lump sum.
Applications: Social impact projects, agricultural financing, and community-driven initiatives.
Trade Finance: With Costa Rica’s recent invitation to join the CPTPP (Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership), new opportunities are emerging to integrate escrows into international trade finance.
Why It Matters: Escrows can streamline payments across member countries with diverse currencies, reducing friction and boosting trust in global trade.
Marketplaces: This vertical is in development, with promising potential to create secure payment solutions for e-commerce and platform-based economies.
Each vertical is positioned as an independent product capable of:
Pursuing its own funding through grants or investments.
Leveraging Trustless Work’s infrastructure as the backbone for secure, transparent transactions.
Targeting massive markets with scalable solutions.
We’re fostering a future where builders can capitalize on the stablecoin wave and leverage Trustless Work to create entirely new markets for escrow technology.
Permissionless Development: Anyone can build on Trustless Work without needing approval.
Support for Builders: For those looking to scale their ideas, we offer resources, guidance, and a collaborative network to help you succeed.
Join us in shaping the future of escrow technology—one vertical at a time.
Integrate Smart Escrows in Minutes
Welcome to Trustless Work — your gateway to programmable, secure, and non-custodial escrows powered by blockchain.
This guide is your launchpad whether you're:
A business aiming to scale global payments with programmable trust
What is Trustless Work? Trustless Work is a blockchain-powered, Escrow-as-a-Service platform. We help you integrate milestone-based payments with zero custodians and maximum flexibility.
Why use it?
🚀 Launch escrow flows in minutes, not months
🔐 Secure, neutral payment infrastructure
💸 Save on dev costs and transaction fees
🌍 Enable global, stablecoin-based payments
Before deploying, define the roles and responsibilities within your escrow flow.
Milestone markers
Approvers
Release signers
Receivers
We’ve built a lightweight dApp to help you deploy escrows without writing code.
Before you start:
Reuse open-source templates (React, Soroban)
Extend with your own integrations
We grow in public — and you can join us:
🧱 Build your own product on top of Trustless Work
💥 Get featured in our Ecosystem Spotlight
💬 “The world runs on trust. And trust runs on escrow. Let’s build a better future, together.”
A developer exploring our
A product team testing use cases via our
📚 📖
Use our n Framework to configure:
💡 Not sure how to structure it? Check our
➡️
Install a (Freighter, xBull, etc.)
Grab testnet
📵 Want a demo flow?
Use our to:
Call the
Have a question or want to propose a feature? 📩 the team or
🧑💻 Participate in our
➡️ Understand
➡️ Explore vertical
➡️
At Trustless Work, we’re not just building a product—we’re creating the foundation for a global, trustless ecosystem. Our vision is to redefine how payments are managed, risks are mitigated, and trust is established in the modern economy.
We aim to make Trustless Work an integral part of how businesses handle payments by:
🔗 Open-Source Tools: Continuing to expand and refine our developer-friendly, open-source tools.
⚙️ Modular Solutions: Offering flexible APIs and templates for seamless integration across platforms.
📈 Accessibility: Scaling to support transactions of all sizes, from micro-payments to enterprise-level deals.
While marketplaces and freelancing platforms were our starting point, the future holds immense opportunities in diverse industries:
🏠 Real Estate: Escrows for property sales, rental agreements, and security deposits.
🌾 Agriculture: Transparent financing mechanisms for farmers and cooperatives.
💳 Fintech: Integrating blockchain escrows into payment gateways and banking solutions.
📦 E-commerce: Revolutionizing buyer-seller protections with transparent, automated escrows.
Through partnerships, we’re unlocking the potential for Trustless Work to support and transform industries that rely on secure transactions.
Our ultimate goal is to empower platforms with:
💡 Transparency: Eliminating black-box systems and ensuring all transactions are visible and verifiable.
🛡️ Security: Leveraging blockchain to provide tamper-proof, decentralized solutions.
✨ Simplicity: Abstracting blockchain complexities, enabling anyone—developer or not—to build on Trustless Work with ease.
The future of Trustless Work lies in:
Network Effects: Growing a community of developers, partners, and users who contribute to and benefit from the ecosystem.
Decentralized Governance: Transitioning to a DAO structure to ensure scalability, inclusivity, and resilience.
Continuous Innovation: Pioneering new technologies and use cases to stay at the forefront of escrow innovation.
Join us in shaping the future—one transparent, secure transaction at a time.
This three-week program was a game-changer for us. Held at Draper University in San Mateo, it brought together 30 startups and provided us with a $20,000 grant to further develop our vision.
What Made It Special?
🚀 Validation from Entrepreneurs: Many fellow founders expressed interest in integrating our escrow solution into their platforms, confirming its market potential.
🔍 Diverse Use Cases: We identified various applications for escrows across industries, including:
Freelancer services
Influencer platforms
Marketplace transactions
📈 A Strategic Focus Shift: Encouraged by feedback from luminaries like Tim Draper and Denelle Dixon (Stellar), we pivoted to an API-first solution—positioning Trustless Work as an Escrow-as-a-Service provider.
Creating trustless financial systems for the modern economy.
At Trustless Work, we believe trust is the foundation of all financial transactions. Our vision and mission drive everything we do, empowering platforms, developers, and businesses to innovate without boundaries.
To drive the new economy forward by building a foundation of trust, scalability, and transparency in global payments.
We envision a world where financial transactions:
Are secure and transparent by default.
Eliminate the need for costly intermediaries.
Empower businesses of all sizes to scale globally.
Through our platform, trust is no longer a barrier—it’s embedded into the system itself.
To solve trust in global payments by providing configurable, scalable, and transparent escrow infrastructure and tools for the new economy.
How We Fulfill This Mission:
Configurable Solutions Allow businesses to tailor escrow workflows to their unique needs, from milestones to multi-party agreements.
Scalable Infrastructure Support high transaction volumes and diverse industries, enabling seamless growth.
Transparent Tools Leverage blockchain technology to ensure visibility and fairness in every transaction.
Escrows address one of the most critical challenges in payments: trust.
In traditional systems, trust is built through intermediaries—banks, lawyers, and brokers—resulting in high costs, delays, and limited accessibility.
These barriers slow down innovation, increase costs, and limit opportunities for businesses and individuals.
Trustless Work eliminates these inefficiencies, fostering trust through:
Blockchain-Powered Automation: Escrows managed by smart contracts.
API-Driven Simplicity: Easy integration for developers and businesses.
Global Accessibility: Bringing secure transactions to everyone, everywhere.
We are dedicated to empowering platforms and developers to unlock the full potential of blockchain without requiring deep technical expertise. By enabling trustless transactions across industries, we:
Simplify payment logic.
Reduce costs and time delays.
Open new avenues for innovation.
Together, we’re building a trustless future where businesses thrive and transactions are effortless.
Explore how we bring this vision to life:
Our Journey So Far: Discover the milestones that shaped us.
How It Works: Dive into the mechanics of smart escrows.
Transforming Escrows for the Modern Economy
At Trustless Work, we solve one of the most critical challenges in global payments: trust. By leveraging blockchain technology, we provide configurable, scalable, and transparent escrow infrastructure that eliminates costly intermediaries and complex processes, empowering platforms to build trustless payment flows with ease.
To drive the new economy forward by building a foundation of trust, scalability, and transparency in global payments.
To solve trust in global payments by providing configurable, scalable, and transparent escrow infrastructure and tools for the new economy.
At its core, an escrow is a neutral and secure way to hold funds while something else happens—whether it’s transferring a house, delivering a product, or completing a project.
In traditional payment systems, trust is built through:
Costly Intermediaries: Banks, lawyers, or brokers.
Complex Processes: Lengthy, manual procedures.
Limited Transparency: Little visibility into where funds are and why delays occur.
These barriers slow innovation, increase costs, and limit accessibility for businesses and individuals alike.
We provide a new way to manage trust with blockchain-powered smart escrows. Our platform enables platforms and developers to:
Configure escrow workflows for any use case.
Scale payment processes with an API-first approach.
Ensure transparency and fairness with blockchain technology.
By reducing the time, cost, and technical barriers traditionally associated with escrows, we enable businesses to focus on innovation while ensuring trust and security.
Escrow-as-a-Service Seamlessly integrate escrow workflows into any platform.
Developer-Friendly Tools API-first design, open-source templates, and testnet resources.
Diverse Applications Supporting industries from marketplaces to crowdfunding, real estate, and trade finance.
Learn more about how we’re building trust and innovation in payments:
Our Vision and Mission: Dive deeper into our purpose.
Our Journey So Far: Explore the milestones that shaped Trustless Work.
Meet the Team: Get to know the people behind the platform.
High-level architecture: Smart contracts, APIs, and escrow workflows.
Trustless Work enables programmable, non-custodial escrows tailored to any workflow. This section merges conceptual understanding with practical design tools, helping you move from theory to implementation.
A Smart Escrow is a blockchain-based smart contract that holds funds until specific conditions are met. It is trustless, programmable, and transparent by design.
📅 Set Up: Define roles, amounts, and milestone logic
💳 Fund: Lock stablecoins (USDC, XLM) on-chain
✅ Execute: Release funds only when verified conditions are met
Trustless Work escrows are:
🔒 Non-Custodial
🚀 Fast & Low-Cost (on Stellar/Soroban)
⚖️ Transparent & Programmable
Learn more in the Escrow Lifecycle Guide.
Feature
Traditional Escrow
Trustless Work
Speed
Days to weeks
Instant
Fees
5–8%
0.3% – 0.5%
Custody
Centralized
Trustless
Transparency
Low
High
Global Reach
Region-Limited
Borderless
Integration Flexibility
Rigid
Fully flexible
🧠 Key Roles in an Escrow
Roles define who can take actions at each phase.
Role
Responsibility
Milestone Marker
Marks deliverables as done
Approver
Approves or disputes deliverables
Release Signer
Signs final release transaction
Receiver
Receives funds
Dispute Resolver
(Optional) Resolves disputes
Platform Address
(Optional) Collects platform fees
Trustless Work escrows follow a clear, auditable sequence:
Initiation → 2. Funding → 3. Milestone Update → 4. Approval → 5. Release → 6. (Optional) Dispute Resolution
View the full Escrow Lifecycle Deep Dive.
Freelance Marketplace
DAO Grant Program
💬 Smart Escrows let you codify trust into your workflows. Start by designing your ideal transaction flow—and let Trustless Work handle the rest.
Welcome to the Smart Escrow Design section.
To simplify the design process, we have subdivided the escrow lifecycle into distinct phases. Click on any phase to learn more:
Each phase plays a crucial role in the lifecycle, and each participating party has one or more defined roles.
Start designing your escrow configurations visually using our Excalidraw or Figma (old) template. Feel free to copy it and accelerate your Go To market by correctly planning your Trustless Work integration!
A brief introduction to the team and its expertise.
At Trustless Work, our team is dedicated to building a secure, scalable, and transparent payment infrastructure for the new economy. With a shared vision and diverse expertise, we’re paving the way for trustless transactions across industries.
Role: CEO, Product Leader
Role: Frontend Developer
Role: Full Stack Developer
Role: Smart Contract Developer
Have questions or ideas? Connect with us:
Our team combines technical expertise with a shared passion for solving trust challenges in global payments. We work tirelessly to deliver configurable, scalable, and transparent solutions for platforms worldwide.
Escrow ID: This is the same as the contract address, users will send funds to this Address. (Trustline should be set).
Balance: The amount of funds currently in the escrow (deposited to escrow id).
Escrow properties:
Trustline: Trustline of the token to be deposited
Amount: The expected amount expected to be held in escrow (this is a numerical value configured on deployment, not the current balance on escrow).
Platform Fee: Extra fee that is sent to platform Address.
Engagement ID: Used to assign an extra identifier to escrows (invoice, project ID, order id, etc).
Flags:
Disputed: Set to true when a party raises a dispute
Released: Set to true when the release transaction has been signed and funds have been released.
Resolved: Set to true when the dispute resovler has had to interfere.
Milestones:
Title: Name of the milestone. Ex: Delivery of code
Description: A description of the milestone, can also include acceptance criteria.
Status: Pending (default) - Completed (when marked as complete)
We are also working on this type of escrow contract: multi-release
Main difference being that the amount and flags are moved to the milestone, therefore you can have independent fund releases per milestone. I will reference this type of contract in our docs too as it is currently being built.
Before we begin designing, let's understand what each role represents!
Roles are assigned to addresses. Anyone can deposit funds into an escrow, but the status while only changed by predetermined steps, which are initiated and signed by the corresponding roles.
Roles: Each role has a distinct function within the escrow process, such as approving milestones or releasing payments.
Parties: These are the entities or individuals assigned to one or more roles, such as buyers, sellers, or platforms. They interact through a Stellar wallet for signing any interactions with the escrow. Only addresses with assigned roles can interact with the escrow.
1. Milestone Approver
Function: Approves or disputes milestones marked as completed.
Examples:
Buyer in a freelance marketplace approves the deliverable marked as done by the freelancer.
Host in a security deposit scenario approves the checkout marked as done by the turist.
Platform in a crowdfunding campaign approves milestone marked as done by the company.
2. Service Provider
Function: Delivers the product, service, or objective set on milestine. Marks milestones as completed and ready for approval.
Examples:
Freelancer delivering a service and marking it as complete.
Company updating crowdfunding milestones and marking as complete.
Compliance department marking a withdraw complaince check as complete.
Real Estate inspector marks the house inispections as complete.
3. Release Signer
Function: Approves the release of funds for the amount set.
Examples:
Airbnb (platform) releasing a deposit.
eBay (platform) releasing payment to a seller.
DAO releasing a payment to a contributor
4. Dispute Resolver
Function: Resolves disputes by adjusting milestone amounts, updating status, or canceling the contract.
Examples:
Platform (eBay, Airbnb) acting as arbiter for a deposit because turist broke something redirecting deposit to host.
Independent third-party arbitrator setting a new milestone price for an project milestone.
Cenceling an escrow amount and redirecting funds back to Client.
5. Platform Address
Function: An address designated to receive the platform fee, a percentage or fixed amount of the total funds processed through escrow. Platform can also update a milestone while it's status is still pending.
Examples:
Airbnb collecting platform fees.
Crowdfunding platform taking a fee from funds raised.
6. Receiver - Final Recipient
Function: The final recipient of funds after conditions are met or disputes are resolved.
Examples:
Freelancer receiving payment.
Turist receiving a security deposit.
Company receiving funds
The Initiation Phase is the foundation of the escrow process. It ensures that all necessary details are captured, roles are assigned, and conditions are clearly defined. This phase lays the groundwork for a secure, transparent, and efficient transaction.
Participants and Roles
In the initiation phase key roles are assigned to specific parties. These roles determine responsibilities and actions throughout the transaction.
The roles are:
Client/Milestone Approver: Approves or disputes milestones.
Service Provider / Milestone Marker: Marks milestones as completed and ready for approval.
Release Signer: Approves the release of funds for completed milestones.
Dispute Resolver: Resolves disputes and adjusts milestone statuses if necessary.
Receiver: The final recipient of funds once conditions are met.
Platform Address: An address designated to receive the platform fee.
Parties: Parties are entities (e.g., buyer, seller, platform) assigned to fulfill one or more roles based on the use case. You can learn more about how this can work for different use cases later on.
Other escrow properties configuredin this phase:
Engagement ID
Definition: A customizable identifier that links the escrow to an external system or reference, such as a UUID, Order ID, or Invoice ID.
Amount: The total funds to be held in escrow.
Platform Fee: A fixed or percentage-based fee for the platform’s services, in bps.
Milestones: Defined deliverables or outcomes that are tracked and verified throughout the process.
Trustline: The Contract address of the Token used for the escrow.
Step 1: Configuring Terms
Parties and Address are configured at a platform level. All parties agree on the transaction terms, including:
Deliverables or milestones.
Payment amounts and structure.
Roles and responsibilities.
Step 2: Recording Metadata
The platform records escrow details, assigns an Engagement ID for their own tracking, platform fee, platform address, trustline, and prepares to deploy the escrow contract.
Step 3: Initializing the Escrow
Using the Trustless Work API, the platform deploys the escrow contract with the configured terms.
Upon deployment:
A unique Escrow ID (Contract ID) is generated and returned to all parties for reference. Funds of the approved trustline can be deposited to the escrow ID.
Engagement ID: Order_12345
links the escrow to the platform's order system.
Escrow ID: Generated by the Soroban network as 0xABC123...
.
Roles Assigned:
Milestone Approver: Client.
Milestone Marker: Freelancer.
Release Signer: Upwork.
Dispute Resolver: Upwork.
Receiver: Freelancer.
Platform Address: Upwork (receiving platform fees).
Outcome: The escrow contract is initialized with:
Clear roles and responsibilities.
Transparent milestone and payment structures.
A shared understanding among all parties.
A smart escrow contract is successfully created and ready for the transaction.
Roles, parties, and conditions are clearly defined and documented.
Engagement and Escrow IDs provide traceability and clarity.
All participants have full visibility, fostering trust and reducing potential disputes.
Escrow ID (Contract ID)
The escrow ID is what we are going to use as address to deposit funds in the next phase. Anyone can send funds to an escrow, as long as it is the accepted token (Trustline is set).
Definition: A unique identifier automatically generated by the Soroban network when the escrow smart contract is deployed.
Purpose: Serves as the primary identifier for the escrow contract on the blockchain.
A Journey in Phases
The escrow lifecycle represents the structured flow of actions and responsibilities involved in securely managing a transaction. At Trustless Work, we break this lifecycle into clear, logical phases, ensuring transparency and adaptability for diverse use cases.
Funding Phase: The phase where the funds are deposited into the escrow contract, securing the transaction and preparing for the next steps.
Milestone Updates Phase: As the transaction progresses, milestones are marked as completed by the designated party, providing visibility and enabling reviews.
Approval Phase: The phase where milestones are reviewed and approved (or disputed), moving the transaction closer to resolution.
Release Phase: Funds are released to the designated recipient based on milestone approvals or dispute resolutions, completing the financial component of the transaction.
If, any of the parties raise a dispute, the lifecycle takes a " detour" into the dispute resolution phase.
Dispute Resolution Phase: Engaged when there are disagreements between parties, this phase ensures fairness by resolving disputes and determining the final outcome. Disputes can end in a full refund, partial refund, or null refund to the client.
The Milestone Status Update Phase is where the Milestone Marker signals progress by marking a milestone as completed. This step is critical for keeping all participants informed about the transaction's progress and prepares the milestone for review by the Milestone Approver in the subsequent Approval Phase.
1. Milestone Marker Updates Milestone Status
The Milestone Marker logs into the platform or uses the Trustless Work API to update the milestone status to For Review, he signs the transaction, signaling the completion of the deliverable.
2. Escrow Contract Updates
Upon the signed update, the escrow contract:
Changes the milestone status to For Review.
Retains the Approved Flag as False
until explicitly approved or disputed by the Milestone Approver.
3. Notification to Milestone Approver
The platform detects the status update and notifies the Milestone Approver that the milestone is ready for review.
4. Transparency for All Participants
All participants, including the Milestone Marker, Release Signer, and Platform Address, can view the updated milestone status:
On-chain via the transaction ID or Stellar block explorer.
Through the Escrow Viewer or by querying the Trustless Work API.
Milestone Status:
For Review: Indicates the milestone is ready for approval or dispute.
Approved Flag:
Default = False: Remains unchanged until explicitly approved or disputed by the client.
Progress Details (to be added):
Optional fields can include:
Delivery notes.
Evidence of completion (e.g., reference IDs or uploaded documentation).
Blockchain Visibility: All participants can view the updated milestone status on-chain, ensuring transparency and traceability of progress.
Platform Notifications: The platform plays a key role in notifying the client (Alice) about the milestone update, facilitating smooth communication.
Optional Progress Details: The service provider can add supporting details or documentation (e.g., delivery receipts, tracking numbers) to enhance transparency.
Milestone Progress Recorded:
The service provider’s update is recorded on-chain, ensuring transparency and traceability.
Client Notified for Review:
The client (Alice) is notified to review the milestone and take action in the next phase.
Escrow Contract Reflects Progress:
The escrow contract’s milestone status is updated, preparing the transaction for the Approval Phase.
The Approval Phase is where the Milestone Approver evaluates the milestone marked as For Review by the Milestone Marker. This critical step determines whether the milestone is approved or disputed, dictating the next steps in the escrow process and transitioning the transaction toward completion or resolution.
1. Milestone Approver Reviews the Milestone
The Milestone Approver evaluates the deliverable or service associated with the milestone, referencing any supporting evidence or details provided by the Milestone Marker.
2. Decision: Approve or Dispute
Approve:
If satisfied, the Milestone Approver approves the milestone.
The Approved Flag is updated to True
, signaling that the transaction can proceed toward the Release Phase.
Dispute:
If concerns arise, the Milestone Approver disputes the milestone.
The Approved Flag is updated to On Dispute
, pausing the transaction and escalating it to the Dispute Resolver.
Next Steps: the approved / dispute flag determines what Next step on the excrow lifecycle is enabled.
If the milestone is approved, the Release is possible,
If a dispute is raised, the dispute resolver must set a resolution and either update the amount, or cancel the milestone.
1. Milestone Status
For Review: Indicates the milestone is under review by the Milestone Approver.
On Dispute: Set when the milestone is disputed, triggering resolution by the Dispute Resolver.
2. Approved Flag
True: Set when the Milestone Approver approves the milestone.
Milestone Approver Authority: The Milestone Approver has sole authority to approve or dispute milestones, ensuring their satisfaction with the deliverable.
Platform's Role: The platform facilitates the review process by providing tools and notifications to assist the Milestone Approver.
On-Chain Transparency: All participants, including the Milestone Marker, Release Signer, and Platform Address, can track the milestone’s status and associated decisions on-chain.
Dispute Escalation: Disputes trigger the transaction to enter the Dispute Resolution Phase, ensuring fair and transparent resolution before proceeding.
The Funding Phase is where funds are deposited into the escrow smart contract, signaling the formal commitment of all parties to the transaction. This phase ensures the financial security of the agreement, builds trust among participants, and sets the stage for the remaining phases.
1. Depositing Funds
Anyone with a Stellar wallet and funds in the configured currency can deposit to the escrow smart contract.
The escrow contract address is the Escrow ID (Contract ID) generated during the Initiation Phase.
2. Escrow Contract Updates
Upon deposit, the escrow contract:
Updates the balance to reflect the deposited amount.
Emits a blockchain Deposit Event, notifying all participants of the successful funding.
3. Verification by Participants
All participants, including the Milestone Marker, Release Signer, and Platform Address, can independently verify the transaction using:
The transaction ID (e.g., tx123abc
) on the Stellar network and Stellar block explorer.
The Escrow Viewer provided by Trustless Work.
A direct request to the Trustless Work API using the Escrow ID.
Blockchain Transparency: All participants can independently verify the funding status using the transaction ID on-chain.
Stellar Integration Flexibility: Any Stellar Anchor (on/off-ramp) can be seamlessly integrated to fund the escrow, allowing for global accessibility and currency flexibility.
Escrow Balance Updates: Participants calculate funding status off-chain by comparing the balance with the agreed amount.
Funds Held On-Chain:
The deposited amount is securely held in the escrow smart contract, ensuring safety and transparency.
Participant Verification:
All participants can verify the funding details using the on-chain transaction ID, building trust and confidence.
Trust Reinforced:
The client’s deposit demonstrates their commitment to the transaction, fostering trust with the service provider.
Read more in the .
Explore full breakdowns in the .
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To understand how roles interact accross the lifecycle, visit the
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Roles: roles are assigned to parties, represented by Stellar public addresses. Depending on each party's role, they will be allowed to sign and update the escrow status and flags. Learn more about roles
Initiation Phase: The foundation of the process, where roles, responsibilities, and transaction terms are established, and the escrow contract is created.
At Trustless Work, we use USDC to provide a secure and stable medium of exchange for all escrow transactions. USDC is a USD-backed stablecoin that ensures your funds are safe, predictable, and easy to transact with, providing a reliable bridge between traditional finance and blockchain technology.
Pegged to the U.S. Dollar: USDC is a stablecoin backed by reserves of U.S. dollars. This means that for every USDC in circulation, there is a corresponding dollar held in reserve, ensuring that the value of USDC remains stable and predictable.
Ideal for Escrows: Stability is crucial when dealing with escrow transactions, as it ensures that the value of the funds held in escrow does not fluctuate unexpectedly, providing peace of mind for both parties.
Built on Stellar: Our escrows use USDC on the Stellar blockchain, which means low transaction fees and fast settlement times. Traditional financial rails can be slow and expensive—USDC on Stellar provides a scalable solution to process payments in seconds with minimal cost.
No Banking Delays: Unlike traditional bank transfers, USDC transactions are completed in seconds, without the delays associated with banking hours, cross-border restrictions, or manual intervention.
Borderless Payments: With USDC, you can participate in transactions globally, without the need to convert currencies or deal with high international fees. This makes Trustless Work a perfect solution for freelancers, businesses, and marketplaces operating across borders.
Supports Emerging Markets: By using USDC, we enable participation from countries where access to stable banking may be limited. This inclusion provides new opportunities for businesses and individuals worldwide.
Escrow Creation: When escrows are created through Trustless Work, funds are securely held in USDC. This ensures that the value remains stable throughout the escrow lifecycle, eliminating the risks of currency fluctuations.
Fund Management and Release: When milestones are met or contract terms are fulfilled, USDC is used to release the funds, offering a transparent and traceable settlement process on the blockchain.
Partner Integrations: Our Stellar Partner Network makes it easy to convert USDC to fiat or use it directly for payments. The flexibility of USDC allows you to either use it for future blockchain transactions or convert it to your local currency when needed.
Security: Funds are fully backed and auditable, ensuring complete security.
Fast Settlement: No delays, no waiting—instant payments.
No Volatility: Unlike cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, USDC is designed to maintain a stable value, making it ideal for contractual payments.
Trustless Work and USDC together provide a stable, efficient, and secure escrow solution for the digital economy. Start building today!
There will be a fixed 0.3% fee on released funds from escrows on Mainnet.
That's our business model. As a platform you will be able to add a flexible fee on top of that 0.3%, which will automaticaly route to the address of your choice.
The Trustless Work API is a developer-friendly interface that enables you to integrate escrow functionalities seamlessly into your platform. Whether you're building a marketplace, a SaaS product, or any platform that requires trust in transactions, the API offers everything you need to easily manage the lifecycle of an escrow.
Kickstart a new escrow by specifying key parameters such as amount, recipient, and conditions.
The API handles the creation of a unique escrow smart contract, eliminating the need for manual blockchain interactions.
Fund Escrows: Deposit funds into the escrow securely—whether it's USDC or another asset supported by the Stellar Network.
Manage Conditions: Define conditions and milestones to align with your project requirements. The API lets you monitor and update these as needed.
Once the conditions are met, use the API to approve fund release. The open-source smart contracts ensure funds are released only when both parties fulfill their obligations.
By making approvals programmatic, the Trustless Work API helps automate workflows, reducing the need for manual checks and verifications.
Stay up to date with the escrow's status at every step. From initiation to completion, the API lets you retrieve information about the escrow state, milestones, and remaining conditions in real-time.
Abstracts Blockchain Complexity: No need to be a blockchain expert. The Trustless Work API makes interacting with smart contracts as easy as a standard API call—no need for specialized blockchain engineers or understanding complicated crypto processes.
Secure and Transparent: The API integrates directly with open-source escrow smart contracts, deployed on the Stellar blockchain, ensuring that funds are managed securely and that every transaction is transparent and traceable.
Seamless User Experience: You can configure the conditions, roles, and actions for an escrow without needing to touch any of the underlying blockchain logic. The Trustless Work API manages everything for you, allowing you to focus on building your platform’s unique features.
Marketplaces and Platforms: Ensure buyer and seller trust with secure milestone payments.
Freelance Platforms: Protect clients and freelancers by releasing funds only upon verified completion.
Rental and Security Deposits: Hold deposits safely until conditions are met, such as returning a rental item or completing an inspection.
Crowdfunding Campaigns: Ensure contributors' funds are only used once milestones are achieved, providing trust and transparency for backers.
Ready to explore more? Visit our API Reference for technical details, and begin integrating trustless escrow solutions today!
Trustless Work is powered by the Stellar blockchain and its innovative Soroban smart contract platform. Together, these technologies form the foundation for secure, scalable, and trustless escrow transactions.
Stellar is a powerful blockchain specifically designed for financial transactions. It enables fast, low-cost transfers of digital assets, which is crucial for ensuring our escrows are efficient and accessible to everyone.
Speed: Transactions on Stellar are confirmed within seconds, meaning no more waiting for days like with traditional banking or slower blockchains.
Low Costs: The transaction fees on Stellar are a tiny fraction of a cent, allowing escrows to operate economically, even for smaller-value transactions. This is a game-changer compared to the often high fees of traditional escrow solutions.
Designed for Financial Use: Stellar was built with the financial sector in mind, providing stability for payments and transactions. This is a perfect fit for escrow services, where stability is key.
Global Network: With Stellar, we can provide cross-border escrows with minimal fees, allowing businesses, freelancers, and marketplaces to interact globally without incurring high costs.
Soroban is Stellar’s smart contract platform, designed to bring programmable logic to the blockchain, allowing developers to create advanced, trustless applications.
Built with Rust: Soroban smart contracts are written in Rust, a language known for its security and performance. This ensures that Trustless Work is secure, efficient, and scalable—crucial for handling financial transactions.
Decentralized Trust: By using Soroban, Trustless Work offers a decentralized, tamper-proof solution for managing funds. Funds are released only when conditions coded in the smart contract are met—removing the need for a trusted third party.
Customizable Contracts: Soroban allows us to create custom smart contracts that fit a wide variety of use cases—from milestone-based payments for freelancers to complex multi-party transactions.
Scalable Logic: The smart contracts on Soroban enable complex operations without compromising on speed or reliability, making it possible for Trustless Work to handle high volumes of transactions smoothly.
Escrow Transactions: All escrows on Trustless Work are secured by Soroban smart contracts, deployed on the Stellar blockchain. This combination ensures that funds are securely held and released transparently.
Seamless Integration: The Trustless Work API abstracts the interaction with Soroban smart contracts, allowing developers to use escrow functionalities without dealing with blockchain complexities.
Global Accessibility: By leveraging Stellar’s network, Trustless Work can provide global escrow services with low fees and instant settlement, making it an ideal choice for international transactions.
The Deploy endpoints allow users to deploy escrows efficiently. These endpoints provide the way to initialize escrows in the Stellar's Blockchain.
The Deploy endpoints allow users to deploy escrows efficiently. These endpoints provide the way to initialize escrows in the Stellar's Blockchain.
When using the deploy endpoints, users can seamlessly create and manage escrows. Here's a breakdown of the functionalities and how to utilize them effectively:
Initialize Escrow: Start by setting up a new escrow agreement. This includes specifying the terms, amounts, and parties involved.
These endpoints ensure secure transactions by leveraging Stellar's infrastructure, guaranteeing transparency and reliability.
The Release Phase is initiated when the Release Signer approves the release of funds. This triggers the escrow smart contract to perform verification checks, deduct fees, and securely disburse funds to the Receiver. The escrow is then marked as completed, concluding the transaction.
1. Triggering the Release
The Release Signer signs the release transaction, signaling the intent to disburse funds.
The escrow smart contract initiates the release process.
2. Verification of Milestones
The escrow smart contract verifies:
All milestones have their Approved Flag set to True
.
No milestones are in a disputed state (Approved Flag ≠ On Dispute).
3. Fee Deductions
Upon successful verification, the escrow contract calculates and deducts:
The Platform Fee (e.g., Marketplace fee%) as configured during the Initiation Phase.
The Trustless Work Fee (e.g., 0.3%).
4. Funds Disbursement
The remaining funds are transferred to the Receiver Address designated during the Initiation Phase
5. Completion
The escrow contract is marked as Completed, signaling the successful conclusion of the transaction.
1. Release Signer
The entity responsible for triggering the release by signing the transaction.
2. Milestone Approval Check
Confirms that:
All milestones are approved (Approved Flag = True
).
No unresolved disputes exist.
3. Fee Deductions
Platform Fee Deduction: Calculated and deducted from the total escrowed amount.
Trustless Work Fee Deduction: A fixed percentage (e.g., 0.3%) is deducted for using the Trustless Work infrastructure.
4. Receiver Address
The blockchain address of the Receiver, who will receive the funds (e.g., Freelancer, Host, Company).
5. Release Transaction ID
A blockchain reference (e.g., tx456def
) for the release action, ensuring traceability and transparency.
1. Funds Transferred Securely
The Receiver (e.g., Freelancer, Host) receives the funds, minus the Platform Fee and Trustless Work Fee.
2. Escrow Marked as Completed
The escrow status is updated to Completed, reflecting the transaction's successful conclusion.
3. Transparency Maintained
All participants can trace the release process on-chain using the Release Transaction ID, ensuring full visibility and trust.
The Dispute Resolution Phase is triggered when either the client or the service provider raises a dispute. This phase involves a review by the designated dispute resolver (e.g., the platform, Marketplace) to determine how the funds should be allocated. The escrow contract remains in a locked state, with no funds released, until the dispute is resolved.
Raising a Dispute:
The client (or Service Provider) identifies issues with the milestone deliverable and raises a dispute.
Evidence or supporting documentation (e.g., screenshots, contracts, delivery notes) is submitted to the dispute resolver (As a URL)
The escrow contract updates:
Milestone Status: Set to In Dispute.
Dispute Flag: Updated to reflect the dispute status.
Dispute Resolver Review:
The dispute resolver (Marketplace) reviews the case, including:
Evidence provided by the client.
Responses or counter-evidence from the service provider (Bob).
The resolver makes a decision on fund allocation (e.g., full refund to client, partial payment to service provider).
Escrow Contract Updates:
Based on the resolver’s decision, the escrow contract is called for the release with:
Funds for Service Provider: Amount to be sent to service provider
Funds for Client: Amount to be sent back to the client
Sign and Release:
The resolver signs the resolution, releasing payment as set and setting the released flag to TRUE
Milestone Status:
In Dispute: Indicates the milestone is under review by the dispute resolver.
Resolver Decision:
Contains the final decision, including updated allocations of funds.
Updated Amounts:
Reflects any changes to the original escrowed amount based on the resolution.
Final Approval Flag:
Set to True
once the dispute is resolved, enabling the transition to the Release Phase.
Resolution Achieved:
Funds are allocated according to the dispute resolver’s decision, ensuring a fair outcome for both parties.
Escrow Prepared for Release:
The resolution is set, enabling the transaction to transition to the Release Phase.
Dispute Transparency Ensured:
All resolution details, including fund adjustments and final decisions, are recorded and visible to participants.
Dapp:
Welcome to the API Reference. This documentation provides details on how to interact with our API, including endpoints, request parameters, and response structures.
Request an API Key to interact with all the endpoints.
The first step is to register in our dApp, in order to be able to have an user and get our API Key. Here's the link to our DApp:
In order to get registered, you have to connect with a Stellar wallet. If you do not yet have one, or have never used one, there is more information in the following section:
Once you have a wallet, the login process is straightforward. Just go to dapp.trustlesswork.com, and click login, this should ask for a signature and then you are in!
Once logged in, you should complete your profile, and then request the API Key.
You must have at least the use case filled, if not, the system won't give you the API Key.
And that's it. If you have any issue, please fill the form of "Report and Issue".
To authenticate you will need to login to our Dapp with a Stellar Wallet and Request an API key. Here are the steps to chieve that:
How to get started in Trustless Work API
Production API
https://api.trustlesswork.com
Dev API
https://dev.api.trustlesswork.com
You'll have 50 as a request rate limit per client in the API every 60 seconds.
The Trustless Work REST API is designed to offer decentralized escrow solutions by leveraging the power of smart contracts on the Stellar blockchain through Soroban. This API enables platforms and businesses to integrate secure, fast, and transparent escrow services, eliminating the need to rely on centralized intermediaries.
The Trustless Work API is a key component for any platform that requires secure conditional payments. It allows the creation, management, and automation of escrow contracts, providing security for both payers and payees. This API can be used across various industries including e-commerce, SaaS, real estate, freelance marketplaces, and more.
Create and manage escrow contracts: Users can set up payment agreements with specific conditions that must be met before funds are released.
Real-time status updates: The API provides real-time access to escrow statuses, allowing users to verify the state of funds at any time. (Working)
This API is critical for offering businesses an efficient and secure way to manage payments without relying on third-party services. Trustless Work’s decentralized nature eliminates the risks associated with centralized intermediaries, such as delays or failures. Additionally, being blockchain-based guarantees full transparency and a significant reduction in operational costs.
Transparency: Every transaction is recorded on the blockchain, making it auditable and ensuring that all parties can track the flow of funds.
Low Costs: Built on Stellar, the API benefits from minimal transaction fees compared to traditional solutions or even other blockchain platforms.
Speed: Stellar's fast transaction finality ensures that payments are processed almost in real-time.
Cross-chain compatibility: With USDC and Circle’s cross-chain transfer protocol, the API can operate across multiple blockchains, offering flexibility to businesses.
Freelance marketplaces: Freelance platforms can use the API to manage milestone-based payments, enhancing trust and reducing disputes between clients and freelancers.
High-value e-commerce: In peer-to-peer transactions, escrow ensures that payment is only released once the product has been received and verified.
SaaS providers: Platforms managing recurring payments can leverage the API to release payments upon successful service delivery.
International real estate: Trustless Work helps secure funds in cross-border real estate transactions by releasing them only when all legal and contractual obligations are met.
Legal services: Law firms can manage complex multi-party agreements or settlements without needing manual escrow services.
In summary, the Trustless Work REST API provides a robust, transparent, and cost-effective solution for managing escrowed funds, catering to a wide range of industries and promoting security and trust in digital transactions.
It is important to clarify that the technologies being used are only examples, as provided in our dApp. You can use any other technology you need.
In order to set the .env, please go to:
npm install axios
yarn add axios
pnpm add axios
bun add axios
src\lib\axios.ts
npm install "@creit.tech/stellar-wallets-kit"
yarn add "@creit.tech/stellar-wallets-kit"
pnpm add "@creit.tech/stellar-wallets-kit"
bun add "@creit.tech/stellar-wallets-kit"
src\lib\stellar-wallet-kit.ts
npm install zustand
yarn add zustand
pnpm add zustand
bun add zustand
src\components\modules\auth\wallet\hooks\wallet.hook.ts
Flow that must always be executed at each Endpoint except Get Balances
Initialize Escrow
Fund Escrow
Get Multiple Escrow Balance
Update Escrow
Change Milestone Status
Change Milestone Flag
Distribute Escrow Earnings
Change Dispute Flag
Resolve Dispute
Trustless Work provides a flexible Escrow-as-a-Service platform that can be applied across many different use cases.
The smart contract that holds funds and enforces the conditions of the agreement between the Service Provider and the Signer.
The purpose of this documentation is to guide users through the process of utilizing the Escrow system effectively. By understanding its functionalities and endpoints, users can ensure that their transactions are handled with precision and security. This guide will cover the essentials, from initialization to finalizing transactions, enabling a seamless experience for all parties involved.
When using the escrow's endpoints, users can seamlessly manage escrows. Here's a breakdown of the functionalities and how to utilize them effectively:
Fund Escrow: The Fund Escrow endpoint allows users to deposit funds into an escrow account. This process initiates the secure holding of funds until the transaction conditions are fulfilled. Users must specify the source account from which the funds will be withdrawn and the escrow account that will receive the funds.
Get Escrow by Engagement ID: This endpoint retrieves detailed information about a specific escrow transaction based on its engagement ID.
Resolve Dispute: This endpoint facilitates the resolution of conflicts that may arise during the escrow process. Users engaged in an escrow transaction can use this feature to communicate issues and seek mediation for a fair resolution.
Change Milestone Flag (Approve): The Change Milestone Flag endpoint allows users to set specific milestones within an escrow transaction as approved.
Change Milestone Status (Complete): The Change Milestone Status endpoint enables users to mark specific milestones within an escrow transaction as complete.
Change Dispute Flag: Start a dispute in the escrow.
Distribute Escrow Funds: Allows users to finalize their escrow transactions once all milestones and conditions have been met.
These endpoints ensure secure transactions by leveraging Stellar's infrastructure, guaranteeing transparency and reliability.
If you're having some issues to do this step, please let us know:
In this part, you can use the library of your choice. In TW case, we're using , but you can use whatever you want.
In our case, we're using , a library that simplifies connecting to Stellar-compatible wallets like Freighter. A wallet is necessary because all escrow actions—such as creating, funding, or releasing—require users to sign blockchain transactions (XDR format) with their private keys. Stellar Wallet Kit handles the interaction and signing process securely from the frontend. That said, you’re free to use any wallet that supports XDR signing, as long as it integrates smoothly with your app.
In our case, as we're using library, but you can use whatever you want.
engagementId
string
Unique identifier for the escrow
signer
string | Address Wallet
Address of the user signing the contract transaction
contractId
string
ID (address) that identifies the escrow contract
title
string
Name of the escrow
description
string
Text describing the function of the escrow
approver
string | Address Wallet
Address of the entity requiring the service
serviceProvider
string | Address Wallet
Address of the entity providing the service
amount
string
Amount to be transferred upon completion of escrow milestones
plataformFee
string
Commission that the platform will receive when the escrow is completed
milestones
Milestone<Array>
Objectives to be completed to define the escrow as completed
releaseSigner
string | Address Wallet
Address of the user in charge of releasing the escrow funds to the service provider
disputeResolver
string | Address Wallet
Address in charge of resolving disputes within the escrow
disputeFlag
boolean
Flag indicating that an escrow is in dispute
releaseFlag
boolean
Flag indicating that escrow funds have already been released
resolvedFlag
boolean
Flag indicating that a disputed escrow has already been resolved
trustline
string | Address Wallet
Address of the token that will be used in the escrow to manage the USDC and its movements.
description
string
Text describing the function of the milestone.
status
string
Milestone status. Ex: Approved, In dispute, etc...
approved_flag
boolean
Flag indicating whether a milestone has been approved by the approver.
Content-Type
application/json
Authorization
Bearer <token>
description
string
Text describing the function of the milestone
status
string
Milestone status. Ex: Approved, In dispute, etc...
approved_flag
boolean
Flag indicating whether a milestone has been approved by the approver
Content-Type
application/json
Authorization
Bearer <token>
Content-Type
application/json
Authorization
Bearer <token>
Resolves escrow disputes by distributing funds to the approver and service provider as determined by the dispute resolver.
You release the escrow funds to the service provider through the approver.
Responsible for modifying the "flag" property of a specific milestone in the escrow to approve that milestone.
Responsible for setting the escrow in dispute state. Changes the value of the escrow's "dispute_flag" property to true.
This endpoint allows you to change the properties of an escrow as long as a series of requirements are met, which will be mentioned in this section.
Only the entity with the platform role has permissions to execute this endpoint
You cannot change the properties of an escrow which already has an approved milestone
You cannot change the properties of an escrow which already has funds
You cannot change the properties of an escrow which is in dispute.
This endpoint returns the transaction unsigned so that the transaction can be signed by means of a customer wallet.
Content-Type
application/json
Authorization
Bearer <token>
These endpoints provide a way to receive tokens through Trustline and send any transactions to the Stellar Blockchain.
Helper endpoints are designed to provide additional functionalities that complement the main features of an API. They often include utility functions that streamline common requests, simplify data manipulation, or enhance overall user experience.
Helper endpoints offer several benefits that enhance both development efficiency and user satisfaction.
Set Trustline: Allows the user to interact with some tokens.
Send Transaction: Send the transaction to Stellar Network with the signed hash.
Get Multiple Escrow Balance: This endpoint allows users to retrieve the balances of multiple escrow accounts simultaneously.
These endpoints ensure secure transactions by leveraging Stellar's infrastructure, guaranteeing transparency and reliability.
This endpoint allows a trustline to be established on the Stellar blockchain specifically for the USDC token issued by Circle on the user's account.
Content-Type
application/json
Authorization
Bearer <token>
This guide walks you through the key tools you’ll need to experiment with and integrate Trustless Work into your platform or product.
Whether you're testing on testnet or preparing for a production launch, these tools will streamline your experience.
To interact with Trustless Work escrows, you’ll need a Stellar wallet that supports:
Signing transactions
Viewing balances
Creating trustlines for USDC
Recommended wallets:
Wallet
Type
Features
Link
Freighter
Browser Extension
Ideal for developers; supports testnet
xBull
Browser Extension
USDC support; mobile app available
Rabet
Browser Extension
Easy to use; supports multisig
Albedo
Web-based
Lightweight signing + auth
Lobstr
Mobile & Web
User-friendly, great for real usage
Trustless Work is live on Stellar testnet. You can use testnet USDC and XLM to fund and experiment with escrows.
You’ll need:
A wallet with testnet support
XLM for gas
USDC for payments
Trustline to USDC
📥 Get Testnet Assets
🔗 USDC Faucet (for USDC)
💡 Remember: You must establish a trustline before receiving USDC. Most wallets offer this in their UI.
Try deploying and interacting with an escrow through the browser:
Deploy escrows with configurable roles
Mark milestones
Approve & release funds
Test edge cases and permission scenarios
We provide open-source starter kits and reference implementations:
React UI template for escrow control
Soroban contract examples
Next.js dApp integrations
Category
Tool / Resource
Wallets
Freighter, xBull, Rabet, Albedo
Testnet Assets
Stellar Friendbot, Trustless Faucet
UI for Testing
Trustless Work dApp
Templates & SDKs
Trustless Work GitHub
Start Building
🔗 Learn more in theGuide
🔗
➡️
Browse all on GitHub: 🔗
Freighter is a browser extension wallet for Stellar. It is a non-custodial wallet extension for your browser.
How to install and set up Freighter Wallet.
How to connect Freighter Wallet to Trustless Work.
Useful resources, security tips, and FAQs.
Click on "Add to Browser" for your preferred browser (e.g., Chrome, Brave, or Firefox).
Ensure you download only from the official website to avoid scams.
Follow the browser prompts to install the extension.
After installation, pin the Freighter extension for easy access.
Open the Freighter extension by clicking on its icon in your browser.
Click on "Create New Wallet".
Set a secure password (store this password securely).
Freighter will generate a Recovery Phrase (also called a Seed Phrase).
Write it down and store it in a safe place. Do not share it with anyone.
Open the Freighter extension.
Click on "Import Wallet".
Enter your existing Seed Phrase and set a password.
Navigate to the Trustless Work platform.
Click "Connect Wallet" in the top-right corner of the page.
Select "Freighter Wallet" from the list of options.
A pop-up will appear from Freighter asking for confirmation.
Approve the connection in the wallet extension.
Ensure Freighter is set to the correct network (Testnet or Mainnet) based on your environment. You can toggle the network in the Freighter settings.
Backup Your Seed Phrase: Store it in a secure, offline location.
Use Testnet for Development: When testing or experimenting, always switch to the Testnet to avoid losing real funds.
Enable Browser Security Features: Avoid installing unknown browser extensions that could compromise your wallet.
Your recovery phrase is the only way to restore your wallet. If it’s lost, your funds cannot be recovered.
Open the Freighter extension.
Click on the settings icon.
Toggle between Testnet and Mainnet in the dropdown.
Official logo of the Freighter Wallet.
Open the official .
Example link: .
Official Website:
Documentation:
Testnet Tokens:
Troubleshooting:
Albedo is a web-based wallet for Stellar, offering simple and secure ways to sign Stellar transactions.
How to install and set up Albedo Wallet.
How to connect Albedo Wallet to Trustless Work.
Useful resources and FAQs.
Click "Create Albedo Account" and follow the prompts.
Save your backup key securely.
Verify your account and log in.
Open Albedo Wallet.
Click on "Create Albedo Account" and follow the prompts.
Click on "Import Account".
Enter your existing Seed Phrase and set a password.
Navigate to the Trustless Work platform.
Click "Connect Wallet" in the top-right corner of the page.
Select "Albedo Wallet" from the list of options.
Authorize the connection on Albedo's interface.
Backup Your Seed Phrase: Store it in a secure, offline location.
Use Testnet for Development: When testing or experimenting, always switch to the Testnet to avoid losing real funds.
Enable Browser Security Features: Avoid installing unknown browser extensions that could compromise your wallet.
Your recovery phrase is the only way to restore your wallet. If it’s lost, your funds cannot be recovered.
A Comprehensive Developer's Guide to Stellar Wallet Integrations
Stellar wallets are essential tools for interacting with the Stellar blockchain, enabling developers and users to securely manage, send, and receive digital assets. This section covers the setup and integration of popular Stellar wallets:
Public Key: Your Stellar address
, used to receive assets. This can be shared publicly.
Private Key: Your secret key used to authorize transactions. This must be kept secure and never shared.
Never share your private key with anyone
Stellar accounts need to establish trustlines to receive custom assets. Trustlines represent a relationship between two accounts, where one account trusts the other to issue a specific asset. This allows the receiving account to accept and hold that asset.
Trustlines are crucial in Stellar for:
Establishing trust with asset issuers
Enabling receipt of custom tokens
Requiring a small minimum balance to create
Stellar accounts require a minimum balance (currently 0.5 XLM)
Each trustline adds to the minimum balance requirement
Helps prevent spam and ensures network stability
Use hardware wallets when possible
Enable two-factor authentication
Store private keys offline
Use secure, updated browsers
Regularly update wallet software
Be cautious of phishing sites
Official logo of the Albedo Wallet.
Visit .
Example link: .
Official Website:
Documentation:
Testnet Tokens:
Troubleshooting:
Lobstr Wallet is a user-friendly mobile and web wallet for managing Stellar accounts. It supports advanced features like multisignature accounts and Stellar-powered services.
How to install and set up Lobstr Wallet.
How to connect Lobstr Wallet to Trustless Work.
Key resources, tips, and support.
Open the app and follow the instructions to create a new wallet.
Save your Recovery Phrase securely.
Set a PIN or biometric authentication for added security.
Sign up for an account or log in if you already have one.
Follow the prompts to secure your wallet.
Navigate to the Trustless Work platform.
Click "Connect Wallet" in the top-right corner of the page.
Select "Lobstr Wallet" from the list of options.
A pop-up will appear from Lobstr asking for confirmation.
Approve the connection in the wallet extension.
Backup Your Seed Phrase: Store it in a secure, offline location.
Use Testnet for Development: When testing or experimenting, always switch to the Testnet to avoid losing real funds.
Enable Browser Security Features: Avoid installing unknown browser extensions that could compromise your wallet.
Your recovery phrase is the only way to restore your wallet. If it’s lost, your funds cannot be recovered.
Rabet Wallet is a browser extension and desktop wallet that simplifies Stellar account management and enables interactions with Stellar dApps.
How to install and set up Rabet Wallet.
How to connect Rabet Wallet to Trustless Work.
Key resources and troubleshooting tips.
Download the Rabet Mobile App:
Install the App:
Search for "Rabet Wallet" in your app store.
Tap the "Install" button and wait for the app to download.
Create a Wallet:
Open the app and select "Create Wallet".
Follow the instructions to generate a new wallet.
Securely save the Seed Phrase displayed during setup. This is critical for wallet recovery.
Download Rabet for Your Operating System:
Go to the "Download" section.
Select the version for your operating system:
Windows: Download the .exe
file.
macOS: Download the .dmg
file.
Linux: Download the .AppImage
file.
Install Rabet:
Windows: Run the .exe
file, follow the installation wizard, and launch Rabet.
macOS: Open the .dmg
file and drag Rabet into the Applications folder.
Linux: Make the .AppImage
file executable by running:
Then execute the file:
Create or Import Wallet:
Launch the Rabet desktop application.
Choose "Create Wallet" to generate a new wallet or "Import Wallet" to restore an existing wallet using your Seed Phrase.
Secure Your Wallet:
Set a strong password to protect access to your wallet.
Google Chrome
Brave
Firefox
Visit the Official Rabet Extension Page:
Click on "Add to Browser" for your preferred browser (e.g., Chrome, Brave, or Firefox).
Ensure you download only from the official website to avoid scams.
Follow the browser prompts to install the extension.
After installation, pin the Hana extension for easy access.
Navigate to the Trustless Work platform.
Click "Connect Wallet" in the top-right corner of the page.
Select "Rabet Wallet" from the list of options.
A pop-up will appear from Rabet asking for confirmation.
Approve the connection in the wallet extension.
Backup Your Seed Phrase: Store it in a secure, offline location.
Use Testnet for Development: When testing or experimenting, always switch to the Testnet to avoid losing real funds.
Enable Browser Security Features: Avoid installing unknown browser extensions that could compromise your wallet.
Your recovery phrase is the only way to restore your wallet. If it’s lost, your funds cannot be recovered.
Open the Rabet extension.
Click on the settings icon.
Toggle between Testnet and Mainnet in the dropdown.
Official logo of the Lobstr Wallet.
Download the Lobstr Wallet app from the or .
Visit the .
Example link: .
Lobstr Official Website:
Lobstr Mobile Apps: |
Testnet Tokens:
Troubleshooting:
FAQs and Support:
Official logo of the Rabet Wallet.
For iOS Users: Go to the .
For Android Users: Go to the .
Visit the .
For Google Chrome and Brave: Go to the .
For Firefox: Visit the .
Example link: .
Official Website:
Testnet Tokens:
Troubleshooting:
Join the .
Visit the .
Unable to connect wallet to Trustless Work
Ensure your wallet extension is installed and active.
Verify you are on the correct network (Mainnet/Testnet).
Error: Insufficient Balance
Check if your wallet meets the Stellar minimum balance requirement.
Add more funds to your wallet.
How do I switch networks?
Use your wallet settings to toggle between Mainnet and Testnet.
Can I recover my wallet without the recovery phrase?
No. Always back up your recovery phrase securely.
Hana Wallet is a lightweight browser extension wallet for Stellar, offering an easy and secure way to manage accounts and sign transactions.
How to install and set up Hana Wallet.
How to connect Hana Wallet to Trustless Work.
Key resources and troubleshooting.
Download and install the browser extension for your preferred browser (Chrome or Brave).
Pin the Hana extension for quick access.
Open the Hana extension by clicking on its icon in your browser.
Click on "Create Wallet".
Set a secure password (store this password securely).
Hana will generate a Recovery Phrase (also called a Seed Phrase).
Write it down and store it in a safe place. Do not share it with anyone.
Open the Hana extension.
Click on "Import Wallet".
Enter your existing Seed Phrase and set a password.
Navigate to the Trustless Work platform.
Click "Connect Wallet" in the top-right corner of the page.
Select "Hana Wallet" from the list of options.
A pop-up will appear from Hana asking for confirmation.
Approve the connection in the wallet extension.
Ensure Hana is set to the correct network (Testnet or Mainnet) based on your environment. You can toggle the network in the Hana settings.
Backup Your Seed Phrase: Store it in a secure, offline location.
Use Testnet for Development: When testing or experimenting, always switch to the Testnet to avoid losing real funds.
Enable Browser Security Features: Avoid installing unknown browser extensions that could compromise your wallet.
Your recovery phrase is the only way to restore your wallet. If it’s lost, your funds cannot be recovered.
Open the Hana extension.
Click on the settings icon.
Toggle between Testnet and Mainnet in the dropdown.
Official logo of the Hana Wallet.
Visit the official .
Example link: .
Hana Official Website:
FAQs and Support:
Testnet Tokens:
Troubleshooting:
xBull Wallet is a secure and fast web-based wallet designed for Stellar users. It provides a seamless experience for managing Stellar accounts and interacting with Stellar dApps.
How to install and set up xBull Wallet.
How to connect xBull Wallet to Trustless Work.
Useful resources, tips, and troubleshooting.
Click "Download Wallet" and then install for your preferred browser (e.g., Chrome, Brave, or Firefox).
Ensure you download only from the official website to avoid scams.
After installation, pin the xBull extension for easy access.
Open the xBull extension by clicking on its icon in your browser.
Click on "Generate Wallet".
Set a secure password (store this password securely).
xBull will generate a Recovery Phrase (also called a Seed Phrase).
Write it down and store it in a safe place. Do not share it with anyone.
Open the xBull extension.
Click on "Import Wallet".
Enter your existing Seed Phrase and set a password.
Navigate to the Trustless Work platform.
Click "Connect Wallet" in the top-right corner of the page.
Select "xBull Wallet" from the list of options.
A pop-up will appear from xBull asking for confirmation.
Approve the connection in the wallet extension.
Ensure xBull is set to the correct network (Testnet or Mainnet) based on your environment. You can toggle the network in the xBull settings.
Backup Your Seed Phrase: Store it in a secure, offline location.
Use Testnet for Development: When testing or experimenting, always switch to the Testnet to avoid losing real funds.
Enable Browser Security Features: Avoid installing unknown browser extensions that could compromise your wallet.
Your recovery phrase is the only way to restore your wallet. If it’s lost, your funds cannot be recovered.
Open the xBull extension.
Click on the settings icon.
Toggle between Testnet and Mainnet in the dropdown.
Testnet tokens are a great way to experiment with Stellar wallets and blockchain operations without risking real assets. This guide explains how to obtain testnet tokens, their purpose, and how to use them effectively.
Testnet tokens are virtual assets used on Stellar's test network (testnet) to:
Test wallet setups.
Experiment with sending and receiving payments.
Learn Stellar operations like creating trustlines or setting up smart contracts.
Risk-Free Learning: No monetary value; perfect for practice.
Development Testing: Test your applications or smart contracts before deploying on the mainnet.
Community Access: Many developers and testers rely on the testnet for Stellar experiments.
Paste your Public Key into the faucet's input field.
Click "Request Lumens":
You’ll receive a transaction confirmation.
Check your wallet to confirm receipt of 10,000 XLM test tokens.
Install the Stellar CLI:
Install the stellar-core
or stellar-horizon
command-line tool (refer to Stellar documentation).
Request Tokens:
Run the following command:
Replace <Your Public Key>
with your Stellar wallet address.
Verify Balance:
Use the CLI or a Stellar wallet to check your testnet account balance.
Set the Trustline: Ensure you've established a trustline for USDC on your Stellar testnet account. Issuer: GBBD47IF6LWK7P7MDEVSCWR7DPUWV3NY3DTQEVFL4NAT4AQH3ZLLFLA5
Visit the Circle USDC Faucet:
Select Stellar and Request USDC:
Use the dropdown menu to select "Stellar".
Paste your Stellar testnet address.
Click on "Get Tokens" to receive testnet USDC.
Send tokens between test accounts.
Experiment with memo fields, transaction fees, and multi-signature setups.
Trustlines: Use testnet tokens to create trustlines for custom assets.
Asset Issuance: Test issuing and trading custom assets.
Smart Contracts: Experiment with Stellar's pre-signed transactions to simulate smart contracts.
Use your testnet wallet with Stellar-based dApps like Trustless Work to test integrations.
Most Stellar wallets allow you to switch between the mainnet and testnet. Here's how:
Open your wallet settings.
Look for the "Network" option.
Switch from Mainnet to Testnet.
Save your settings and restart the wallet if required.
Freighter Wallet:
Click on Settings > Network > Testnet.
Rabet Wallet:
Select "Network" in the main menu and toggle to Testnet.
Albedo Wallet:
Adjust the network via the settings or during the transaction prompt.
Testnet Tokens Have No Value:
These tokens are strictly for testing and cannot be transferred to the mainnet.
Testnet Environment Resets:
The Stellar testnet resets periodically, clearing all test accounts and balances.
Always re-create your accounts and re-fund them when the testnet resets.
Avoid Sharing Secret Keys:
Even in a test environment, keep your Secret Key secure to mimic best practices for the mainnet.
Ensure you’ve used the correct Public Key.
Try another method (e.g., Stellar Faucet vs. Laboratory).
Wait for a few minutes as the testnet might experience delays.
Make sure your wallet supports Stellar’s testnet.
Check for updates or consider using a wallet that supports testnet, like Freighter or Rabet.
Without the Secret Key, you cannot access your testnet account. Treat it as you would a real wallet key.
By following this guide, you can confidently explore Stellar’s testnet and test a variety of operations risk-free.
Trustless Work provides a flexible Escrow-as-a-Service platform that can be applied across many different use cases. Our Smart Escrow Technology is adaptable, with configurations and fund flows that can be adjusted to fit the needs of different industries and applications.
We’re currently exploring a range of exciting use cases that can benefit from Smart Escrows:
Security Deposits 🏠: Ideal for rental platforms—securely hold deposits until all parties agree conditions are met.
Marketplaces 🛒: Protect buyers and sellers by holding funds until delivery is confirmed.
Crowdfunding 🤝: Hold contributions securely, releasing them only when funding milestones are achieved.
Revenue Share 💸: Automate the distribution of revenue among multiple stakeholders based on predefined conditions.
Trade Finance 🌐: Facilitate cross-border transactions, holding funds securely until delivery conditions are fulfilled.
These use cases just scratch the surface of what’s possible with Trustless Work. Our technology is built to be adaptable, making it suitable for any scenario where trust, security, and transparent fund management are required.
Have an idea for how Smart Escrows could work for your industry? We’re always looking for new and innovative ways to apply Trustless Work's technology. Whether you have a use case in mind or need support in figuring out how to leverage escrows for your platform—we’d love to hear from you!
Official logo of the xBull Wallet.
Visit the official website.
Example link: .
xBull Official Website:
xBull Documentation:
Testnet Tokens:
Troubleshooting:
Go to the Stellar Laboratory:
Go to .
➡️ to us and let’s build something amazing together.
Peer-to-peer (P2P) exchanges and Over-the-Counter (OTC) desks play a critical role in crypto trading—especially for trades that happen across different chains or involve fiat off-ramps. Yet these transactions often rely on trust between strangers, screenshots, and shaky coordination.
At Trustless Work, we bring neutral, programmable escrows to this space—offering a secure, blockchain-based middle layer that holds funds until both parties are satisfied. Whether you're facilitating a P2P swap or operating an OTC desk, our infrastructure helps reduce risk, enable automation, and build trust between counterparties.
In a typical P2P or OTC trade, two users agree on a deal—for example:
Alice wants to buy BTC with $1000 USDC.
Or Alice wants to buy USDC with $1000 in fiat (via bank transfer).
In all these cases, someone has to go first—and that introduces risk.
If Alice sends $1000 fiat first, Bob might not send the USDC.
If Bob sends USDC first, Alice might not pay.
If the BTC transfer happens first, there’s no guarantee Alice will release funds.
Without a neutral middle layer, users often rely on screenshots, trust, and hope.
Trustless Work provides Smart Escrows—programmable contracts that hold funds (e.g., stablecoins) on-chain, with predefined conditions for releasing them.
In the P2P trade flow:
Alice deposits her USDC into an escrow.
Bob sends the BTC to Alice’s wallet.
Once Alice confirms receipt, the escrow releases the USDC to Bob.
Our escrow configuration defines who can act at each step—from marking the BTC as sent, to signing off the release of funds.
Phase
Escrow Role (Trustless Work)
Entity
1 - Initiation
Platform
P2P exchange or OTC desk (defines roles, fees, metadata)
2 - Funding
Funder
Alice (Buyer)
3 - Milestone Update
Milestone Marker (Service Provider)
Bob (Seller) – marks BTC as sent
4- Approval
Milestone Approver
Alice – confirms BTC received
5 - Release
Release Signer
Alice – or dual signers (e.g., Alice + lawyer, or platform)
6 - Receiver
Receiver
Bob – receives USDC from escrow
Dispute (Optional)
Dispute Resolver
Platform or OTC desk
Our escrow system allows for different release models:
Buyer-Driven Release: Default setup—Alice signs off once she receives the BTC.
Platform-Driven Release: The platform (e.g., OTC desk) signs the release when off-chain proof is provided.
Multi-Signature Release: 2-of-2 setup where both Alice and her lawyer (or Bob's agent) must sign for funds to be released. This enables compliant, high-trust configurations.
OTC desks can also use Trustless Work as a programmable middle layer:
They can configure escrows on behalf of clients.
Serve as the Release Signer or Dispute Resolver.
Maintain transparency and auditability over large transactions.
Whether the OTC desk holds the crypto itself or just coordinates the trade, Trustless Work adds a neutral, verifiable layer of control.
Even if BTC is sent on-chain or fiat is transferred via bank wire, Trustless Work can hold the stablecoin leg in escrow until off-chain confirmation is complete. We bridge the trust gap between blockchains and banking systems, without needing custody or intermediaries.
We’re currently live on testnet, with a full mainnet launch planned for May 2025. This is the perfect time to explore integration, test your escrow flows, or become one of our early partners shaping the future of secure payments in P2P and OTC trading.
Trustless Work brings the power of programmable smart escrows to P2P trades and OTC transactions. By abstracting the complexity of smart contracts and allowing platforms to define their own roles and flows, we enable a new layer of secure, transparent global commerce—whether you're trading across chains, across borders, or across platforms.
Try it. Integrate it. Build on it.
Grants, bounties, and hackathon prizes are meant to fuel innovation. But too often, they become a source of frustration—delayed payments, unclear timelines, or shifting token values that leave both recipients and organizers feeling shortchanged.
Imagine winning a grant worth seventy thousand dollars in crypto today, only to unlock your next milestone months later and find the value has dropped—or worse, the funds still haven’t been sent at all. These aren’t edge cases. They’re common stories across the web3 space, and they break the trust that's supposed to power open collaboration.
It’s time for a better way to fund projects—one that’s transparent, accountable, and fair from start to finish.
Funding programs often try to be structured and fair—splitting grants into milestones, tying bounties to deliverables, or distributing hackathon rewards in tiers. But even with the best intentions, the process breaks down.
For one, volatility makes planning nearly impossible. A project might receive a grant denominated in a volatile token, only to see its value swing wildly by the time the next tranche is unlocked. Sometimes the recipient wins, sometimes they lose—but in both cases, the uncertainty creates tension and risk.
Then there’s the human bottleneck. The person approving a milestone often isn't the one who can release the funds. You get delays, emails, endless follow-ups. Sometimes funds are released at the end of the month by a CFO who’s juggling multiple responsibilities. Other times, things fall through the cracks entirely.
And in hackathons or open bounty programs, it’s even worse. Participants complete their work, but months can pass before rewards are sent—if they’re sent at all. That lack of trust erodes the very thing these programs are supposed to foster: creative energy and community engagement.
Smart Escrows solve all of this.
By locking the full grant, bounty, or prize amount into an escrow contract upfront, everyone gets peace of mind. Organizers can commit to milestone-based distribution without worrying about market fluctuations—because the funds are already secured. Recipients can see that the funds are there and trace how each tranche will be released. And with stablecoins like USDC, there’s no need to worry about volatility.
Even better, Smart Escrows make it easy to separate responsibilities. A grant committee member can approve a milestone, and a different party—or even an automated process—can trigger the fund release. No bottlenecks. No chasing down signatures or payment approvals.
And for hackathons? It’s a game-changer. Organizers can ensure that sponsor contributions are held in escrow ahead of the event. That means participants aren’t left waiting on delayed payments, and organizers aren’t left chasing sponsors who promised rewards they never actually sent. It brings clarity and accountability to the entire process.
Trustless Work makes all of this simple.
Our Smart Escrow infrastructure lets any grant program, bounty campaign, or hackathon integrate secure, transparent payments without writing smart contracts or managing wallets manually. You can define milestones, set approvers, and configure who releases funds—all through a clean API or open-source templates.
Funds are held in non-custodial, on-chain escrows, visible to all parties. When a milestone is marked as complete and approved, the release is triggered with a signature—no delays, no middlemen. And because it's built on Stellar with stablecoin support, transactions are fast, cheap, and globally accessible.
To make all this work seamlessly, Trustless Work introduces a concept that’s simple but powerful: roles. Every action in the escrow lifecycle—like marking a milestone as completed, approving it, or signing off the fund release—is tied to a specific role.
These roles can be assigned to different people or entities depending on how your program is structured. A project team might mark a milestone as done, a grant committee member might approve it, and a finance admin or automated process might sign off on the release. There’s even an optional dispute resolver role, in case disagreements arise about whether a milestone was truly met.
This separation of duties helps reduce delays, prevent mistakes, and build accountability into every step.
In this example I have assigned Roles to different parties. Alice, the sponsor is the one that deposits the funds, but not the one to approve a Milestone, or Release. Bob, the grant receiver sees the funds are locked in Escrow and gets to work, one he completes the first tranche he marks the milestone as done. (Milestone Marker)
The Approver, in this case would be the one who does some acceptance testing. Some maintainer who does QA, or checks the the deliverables match. He signs the approval, or does not (no action required) while Bob fixes something, or raise a dispute if something goes off with the agreement. The payment release could be done by another tester, or the program manager. In this case, the party who is assigned the Release signer.
I’ve felt this pain firsthand.
I’ve organized hackathons where one of the sponsors never followed through on their prize commitment, and our foundation had to cover it. I’ve participated in hackathons where payments were delayed for months, or worse—never arrived at all. And in grant programs, I’ve had tranches delayed for so long that by the time they were released, the token value had dropped so much that five thousand dollars became twenty-seven hundred.
Whether you're a participant, organizer, or grantee, this isn’t just a theoretical issue—it’s real, and it’s frustrating. That’s why I believe escrows for funding distribution are not just useful—they’re necessary.
If you’re running a grant program, managing bounties, or organizing a hackathon, you don’t need to deal with this kind of uncertainty anymore. With Trustless Work, you can lock in funding transparently, automate milestone-based payouts, and make sure everyone involved knows exactly where the money is and when it will be released.
Trust is the foundation of every marketplace transaction—but building that trust usually means building complex infrastructure. Traditional platforms like eBay, Etsy, and Amazon use internal escrow mechanisms to ensure that sellers are paid only after buyers are satisfied. Most startups and emerging platforms can’t afford to build this kind of system.
Trustless Work makes it easy for any marketplace or e-commerce platform to integrate neutral, transparent escrow flows using stablecoins—without needing to manage custody, compliance, or custom infrastructure.
With just a few API calls, funds can be held securely until the product is shipped, received, or approved—ensuring fairness for both buyers and sellers.
Hold payment in escrow when an order is placed. Release it only after the buyer confirms receipt, or automatically after a timeout.
Funds stay in escrow until the seller provides valid shipping proof (e.g. tracking number). Great for low-trust environments and international trade.
For assets like templates, code snippets, plugins, or in-game items. Funds are released after the buyer confirms access or download is complete.
Buyers escrow payment when purchasing from another user. Once the item is received or confirmed, funds are released to the seller.
Initiation Phase The buyer places an order. A new escrow contract is created, defining the roles:
Buyer funds the escrow
Seller delivers the item
Buyer or Platform signs for release
Funding Phase The buyer deposits stablecoins (e.g. USDC, EURC) into the escrow.
Milestone Status Update Phase The seller marks the item as shipped or provides tracking information.
Approval Phase The buyer confirms delivery or the system auto-approves after a timeout. If approved, funds move to release.
Release Phase The escrow releases the funds to the seller. Optionally, a platform fee is deducted.
Receiver - Receives the funds from Escrow
Dispute Resolution (optional) If the buyer disputes the delivery, a platform moderator or external resolver can step in, depending on the escrow configuration.
Fast Integration – Plug-and-play escrow API and UI templates
Global Payments – Accept and settle in stablecoins (e.g. USDC) across borders
Reduce Fraud & Chargebacks – Escrow eliminates the need for trust in the transaction
Neutrality by Design – Funds are not held by the platform, but by a smart contract
Custom Logic – Choose who approves release: buyer, platform, or auto-timer
Web3 marketplaces (NFTs, gaming items, digital goods)
Niche e-commerce platforms with physical or digital products
Second-hand or peer-to-peer selling apps
Dropshipping or global e-commerce platforms
No-code marketplaces using stablecoins
Trustless Work enables secure, transparent, and reliable transactions between freelancers (service providers) and clients through blockchain-based smart escrows. By integrating Trustless Work’s API, gig platforms and freelance marketplaces can efficiently manage payments, reducing disputes, late payments, and fraud.
Freelancers often experience delayed payments, disputes, and uncertainty regarding compensation. Clients risk losing deposits or receiving unsatisfactory work. Traditional escrow solutions are costly, slow, and lack transparency, undermining trust and operational efficiency.
Trustless Work’s escrow infrastructure offers:
Neutral holding of funds until project milestones are fulfilled.
Clearly defined deliverables, timelines, and payment conditions agreed upon by clients and freelancers.
Blockchain-based transparency for all transactions, ensuring accountability.
Automatic payment release upon milestone approvals, minimizing administrative tasks.
The client (Alice) posts a gig and selects a freelancer (Bob).
Both parties agree upon milestones and conditions.
An escrow contract is initiated automatically via Trustless Work’s API.
Alice deposits the agreed-upon payment into the escrow contract. Funds are securely stored on-chain.
Bob receives confirmation once the funds are deposited.
Bob completes a milestone and updates its status to "Delivered" through the platform interface.
Alice reviews the submitted milestone:
If satisfied, Alice marks it "Approved."
If unsatisfied, Alice initiates a dispute, prompting mediation by the platform or designated resolver.
Approved milestones automatically trigger the escrow contract to release funds to Bob.
Trustless Work transparently deducts a small commission, recorded on the blockchain.
Freelancers: Reliable and timely payments, reducing financial uncertainties.
Clients: Secure and neutral handling of payments with full transparency.
Platforms: Effortless escrow integration without developing proprietary escrow systems.
Freelance marketplaces and gig economy platforms.
Specialized communities for freelancers such as graphic designers, developers, or content creators.
Decentralized freelance networks prioritizing transparency and secure operations.
Overview: Crowdfunding platforms help innovators and creators raise funds directly from supporters. However, managing funds securely, transparently, and efficiently can be challenging, particularly with trust and accountability between backers and creators. Trustless Work simplifies this by providing an escrow infrastructure that guarantees transparency, safety, and efficient fund management.
How It Works:
Initiation:
The crowdfunding platform sets up a new campaign with clearly defined milestones (e.g., prototype completion, product launch).
Each milestone has associated funds allocated through Trustless Work’s escrow contract.
Funding:
Supporters deposit funds directly into the smart escrow contract. Funds are held securely on the blockchain, visible to everyone involved.
Milestone Status Updates:
The project creator updates the status of each milestone upon completion. These updates are transparent and verifiable by supporters and platform administrators.
Approval and Release:
Supporters or the designated approver review milestone completions.
Funds are released to the creator upon successful verification and approval of milestones.
Dispute Resolution:
If disputes arise regarding milestone completion, a predefined dispute resolution mechanism activates, providing fair and transparent decision-making.
Benefits:
Trust and Transparency: Backers can confidently support projects knowing their funds are safe and released only upon verified completion.
Reduced Fraud: Eliminates the risk of misappropriation, as creators only receive funds upon meeting agreed milestones.
Efficiency and Automation: Streamlines fund management, reducing administrative overhead and costs.
Example Scenario: A startup raising funds to develop a new smart gadget sets up three milestones: design completion, prototype demonstration, and final product launch. Supporters contribute to an escrow contract. As each milestone is achieved and verified, Trustless Work automatically releases funds to the startup, providing transparency and assurance to all stakeholders involved.
Security deposits are a common requirement in rentals—whether it's housing, co-living spaces, equipment, or other real-world use cases. Trustless Work makes them fair, transparent, and automated using smart escrows.
With Trustless Work, platforms can configure non-custodial smart contracts that define exactly how and when security deposits are returned or withheld.
Alice rents a unit on a co-living platform. She deposits $500 USDC as a security deposit. At the end of her stay, she wants the deposit refunded—assuming there’s no damage.
Depositor
Alice
Milestone Marker
Alice or Platform
Milestone Approver
Bob (Landlord/Host)
Release Signer
Platform
Receiver
Alice
Initiation The platform configures the escrow with all required roles using Trustless Work’s API.
Funding Alice deposits $500 USDC into the escrow. The funds are held in a neutral smart contract.
Milestone Update After Alice’s stay ends, either Alice or the platform marks the milestone as "Request Refund."
Approval Bob inspects the property:
If everything is fine: Bob approves the refund.
If there are issues: Bob can reject or request a partial refund.
Release The platform (as Release Signer) finalizes the release:
100% refund to Alice if approved.
Partial refund based on agreement.
Escalation possible if a dispute arises.
Trustless & Transparent: Smart contracts define rules upfront; funds are never held by the platform.
Customizable Logic: Platforms can set deadlines, approval rules, or automatic fallback releases.
Global by Default: Uses stablecoins on Stellar for fast, low-fee cross-border payments.
Flexible Roles: Easily supports different dispute flows—platform-led, DAO-governed, or peer-to-peer.
Dispute Resolver Role: Add an arbiter or DAO to resolve conflicts.
Time-Based Auto Approval: If Bob doesn’t respond in X days, the contract automatically refunds Alice.
SafeTrust is a platform for co-living spaces that uses Trustless Work to manage security deposits. By using smart escrows, SafeTrust ensures that all tenants receive fair treatment while reducing operational overhead for hosts.
Here’s how we map the transaction flow to roles in Trustless Work, you can learn more about roles :
Visit to learn more, or head to to start building your first escrow flow today.
Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs) face significant challenges managing treasury funds, ensuring transparency, accountability, and efficiency in budget allocation for various working groups or sub-committees. Often, funds are either prematurely disbursed without clear milestone tracking or remain locked and inaccessible due to governance overhead. This leads to inefficiencies, potential misuse of funds, disputes, and governance friction.
Solution:
Trustless Work provides DAOs with an easy-to-integrate, blockchain-based escrow infrastructure that clearly defines milestones, roles, and permissions within each funding allocation. Using smart escrows, DAOs can securely allocate budgets to specific working groups or sub-committees, with funds automatically released upon completion and approval of defined milestones.
Benefits:
Enhanced Transparency: Each transaction and milestone status is transparently recorded on-chain, promoting trust and accountability.
Reduced Governance Overhead: Automated escrow conditions reduce frequent voting rounds for releasing funds, streamlining operations.
Improved Fund Management: Funds are only released when pre-agreed milestones are met, reducing risk and ensuring proper usage.
Easy Integration: Trustless Work's API and escrow management platform can be quickly adopted without extensive development or audits.
Typical Workflow:
Initiation: DAO defines working group, budget amount, milestones, and assigns roles (Milestone Marker, Approver, and Release Signer).
Funding: DAO treasury deposits funds into the smart escrow.
Milestone Completion: Working groups complete tasks and mark milestones as delivered.
Approval & Review: DAO-appointed approvers review milestone completions, approving or disputing them.
Automated Release: Upon approval, funds are automatically released to the working group without additional governance delays.
Example Scenario:
A DAO allocates a quarterly budget to its Product Development Working Group using Trustless Work. The Working Group clearly outlines their deliverables (milestones) for the quarter. Funds remain securely held in escrow until deliverables are marked as complete by the group and approved by DAO reviewers. Once approved, the smart escrow instantly releases the allocated budget to the Working Group’s wallet, ensuring transparency, accountability, and streamlined budget management.
1. Access the Profile Settings
Click on your wallet address at the bottom left of the screen.
A menu will appear where you can:
Copy your Stellar address.
Disconnect your wallet.
Access settings → Click on this to proceed.
2. Completing Your Profile
In the Profile section, you can: ✅ Add an image for easier identification. ✅ Fill in your name, email, country, and phone number. ✅ Specify your Use Case (Required for API key requests).
🔹 The "Use Case" field is mandatory for API key requests but not for general Dapp usage.
➡️ Click "Update Profile" to save changes.
3. Customizing Appearance and Preferences
Appearance: Choose between Light Mode or Dark Mode.
Preferences:
Save Escrows → Enabled by default.
If disabled, your escrows won’t be indexed, and you must manually track their IDs.
4. Requesting an API Key (For Developers Using the API)
Navigate to the API Keys tab.
Click "Request an API Key" to generate one.
Once created, you can view your keys under "Show API Keys".
📌 You don’t need an API key to use the Dapp, only if you plan to interact programmatically via the API.
Remember that the profile property Use Case must be filled to be able to ask for an API Key. This is our way of understanding what are you using this for, so please help us out!
That that you have everything set up, let's create some Escrows!
Trustless Work's Smart Escrow infrastructure provides a secure, transparent, and flexible way to manage subscription-based and performance-driven retainers. This model ensures ongoing service payments are securely held and released only upon meeting predefined performance criteria, providing confidence to both subscribers and service providers.
Roles Involved:
Subscriber (Client): Pays the retainer and approves milestones based on performance.
Service Provider: Delivers ongoing services and marks milestones as complete.
Platform/Trustless Work Escrow: Securely holds funds and facilitates transparent payment releases based on performance.
Initiation Phase:
Subscriber and service provider agree on a subscription retainer model, including regular payments and performance metrics (KPIs, deliverables).
Escrow contract created on Trustless Work, clearly outlining terms, milestones, and conditions for fund release.
Funding Phase:
Subscriber deposits funds monthly or quarterly into the escrow, securely holding payments for ongoing services.
Performance and Milestone Updates:
Service Provider regularly updates the status of performance milestones (e.g., monthly targets, deliverables, KPI achievement).
Approval Phase:
Subscriber reviews and approves milestones based on performance criteria.
If performance meets or exceeds agreed-upon KPIs, the subscriber approves milestone completion.
If performance criteria are not met, the subscriber can initiate a dispute or negotiate partial releases.
Release Phase:
Upon milestone approval, funds are automatically and transparently released to the service provider.
Partial or full fund releases can occur, depending on performance outcomes.
Ongoing Subscription:
The escrow resets each cycle (monthly or quarterly), maintaining ongoing secure payments aligned to service delivery and performance.
Trust and Transparency: Payments linked directly to measurable performance, reducing risk for both parties.
Secure Funding: Funds are safeguarded by blockchain-based escrow, mitigating disputes and improving trust.
Flexibility: Customizable escrow conditions allow parties to define clear KPIs and flexible terms for performance-based payment adjustments.
Marketing Agencies: Monthly retainers tied to specific KPIs (e.g., traffic growth, conversions).
Freelance Consultants: Retainer fees linked to tangible business outcomes (e.g., sales, lead generation).
Managed Services Providers: Regular subscription payments tied to service uptime, SLA fulfillment, or other defined metrics.
Trustless Work's Subscription + Performance-based Retainers model empowers businesses to confidently engage ongoing services, ensuring mutual satisfaction and alignment through transparent, secure, and performance-driven payments.
1. Go to the Trustless Work Dapp
You should see the Welcome Screen with the Trustless Work logo and an introduction to the platform.
2. Connect Your Stellar Wallet
To interact with the Dapp, you need to connect a Stellar-compatible wallet. Click on the "Connect" button in the top right corner.
A pop-up will appear, showing the available wallet options.
➡️ Select your preferred wallet and follow the prompts to authorize the connection.
3. Login Confirmation
Once connected, you will be redirected to the Dashboard, where you can manage your escrows. ✔ Your wallet address will be displayed in the sidebar. ✔ You are now ready to interact with the Trustless Work escrow system! 🚀
Online education platforms and independent educators often face challenges related to payment security, trust, and accountability. Learners worry about course quality and delivery, while educators face risks of non-payment, disputes, and complex refund processes. Existing solutions are centralized, costly, and can introduce delays or disputes.
Solution
Trustless Work provides a decentralized, transparent escrow solution to streamline transactions between learners and educators. By leveraging blockchain technology, it ensures secure, timely payments tied to course milestones and learner satisfaction, significantly reducing fraud and disputes.
How It Works
Course Enrollment (Initiation & Funding Phase):
Learners enroll in a course and deposit payment into a Trustless Work escrow.
Funds are securely held in a neutral escrow smart contract.
Milestone Completion (Milestone Update Phase):
Educators deliver course content in predefined milestones (modules, live sessions, assessments).
Milestones are marked as complete by the educator and trigger notifications to learners.
Learner Approval (Approval Phase):
Learners review completed milestones and approve content delivery.
If satisfied, learners sign off on milestone approval through a simple UI.
If dissatisfied, learners can raise disputes directly through the platform.
Funds Release:
Upon approval, funds corresponding to completed milestones are automatically released to educators.
If disputed, funds remain locked until resolution through either manual arbitration or platform-defined rules.
Benefits
Security & Trust: Funds are held transparently in escrow, reassuring learners and guaranteeing payment to educators upon satisfactory delivery.
Transparency: Every step, from enrollment to milestone completion and payment, is clearly logged and visible.
Reduced Disputes: Clear milestones and approvals decrease misunderstandings and simplify dispute resolution.
Cost Efficiency: Low transaction costs and automated escrow release lower overhead for education platforms and independent educators.
Potential Use Cases
Independent online educators offering premium courses
Bootcamps or cohort-based education programs
Certification programs requiring demonstrable course completion
Learning marketplaces where trust and accountability are essential
By integrating Trustless Work's escrow solution, education providers can offer safer, more transparent transactions, creating confidence and enabling smoother learner-educator interactions.
Open your web browser and navigate to: ➡️
Interact with Escrows Seamlessly
The Trustless Work Dapp is the visual interface for interacting with the Trustless Work Escrow API. It serves as a back-office for the escrow lifecycle, allowing users, developers, and platforms to: ✅ Deploy an escrow ✅ Sign transactions ✅ Approve milestones ✅ Release funds ✅ Resolve disputes
This tutorial will guide you through the full escrow lifecycle using the Dapp UI, breaking it into structured phases for clarity.
Before using the Dapp, ensure you have the necessary prerequisites:
The Dapp currently operates on Stellar Testnet, so you’ll need:
XLM (for transaction fees)
USDC (to test escrow functionality)
This section walks through the structured process of managing a transaction using the Dapp.
📌 Goal: Define the escrow agreement and configure its parameters.
Select parties involved (payer, receiver, approver, etc.).
Set milestones and funding conditions.
Deploy the smart escrow contract.
➡️ Step-by-step guide for Initiation
📌 Goal: Deposit funds into the escrow, securing the transaction.
The payer deposits funds (USDC/XLM).
The escrow status updates to reflect the deposit.
The contract balance is displayed in the UI.
➡️ Step-by-step guide for Funding
📌 Goal: Track progress and mark work as completed.
The service provider updates milestone completion.
Status changes to "Pending Approval".
➡️ Step-by-step guide for Milestone Updates
📌 Goal: Approve or dispute completed milestones.
The payer or designated approver reviews milestone progress.
If approved, funds move to pending release.
If disputed, the transaction enters the Dispute Resolution Phase.
➡️ Step-by-step guide for Approvals
📌 Goal: Finalize the escrow transaction by releasing funds.
Upon milestone approval, funds are automatically released to the service provider.
The escrow status updates to "Completed."
The transaction is finalized.
➡️ Step-by-step guide for Releasing Funds
Some transactions require additional steps:
📌 Goal: Resolve conflicts when a milestone is disputed.
The dispute resolver evaluates the case.
Adjustments are made based on the ruling.
Funds are either released, partially released, or refunded.
➡️ Step-by-step guide for Dispute Resolution
📖 Guides & Tutorials
How to Set Up a Stellar Wallet
How to Get Testnet Tokens
Understanding Escrow Roles
This step is done by the Service Provider once they have successfully delivered the product or service.
📌 Why is this step important?
This confirms that the work has been completed.
The Approver will later check and approve this milestone before funds are released.
In the escrows section, navigate to the Service Provider tab.
This tab will only show escrows where your logged-in wallet is assigned as the Service Provider.
Click on the escrow you want to update.
This will open a modal displaying the escrow details, including:
Escrow title & description
Roles assigned to different addresses
Current milestone status
You will see a blue button labeled "Complete" next to the milestone.
Click "Complete" to proceed.
A Freighter wallet transaction request will pop up.
This request confirms that you are marking the milestone as completed.
Click "Sign" to approve the transaction.
Once the transaction is signed, the milestone will be marked as "Completed".
The progress bar in the escrow modal will update, showing that this step is done.
🎉 Success! The milestone is now marked as completed. The next step will be approving the milestone, which is done by the Approver.
Now that the milestone has been completed by the service provider, the approver needs to verify and approve it.
1. Switch to the "Approver" tab
In the escrows section, navigate to the Approver tab.
You will only see escrows where your logged-in wallet is assigned the Approver role.
2. Click on the escrow to open the modal
Select the escrow where the milestone has been completed.
The escrow should now show 100% Completed in the milestone progress bar.
3. Approve the milestone
You should now see a blue "Approve" button.
Click "Approve" to proceed with milestone approval.
4. Sign the transaction
Just like previous actions, a transaction request will appear in your wallet (Freighter).
Review the details and sign the transaction.
5. Escrow status update
After signing, the milestone should now show as "Approved".
The funds are still in escrow but are now ready for release.
Once you approve the milestone, we move on to the final step: releasing the escrow funds!
In the case of the single release escrows: all milestones must be approved for the release to be enabled. In the case of multi-release escrows: Approval at the milestone level is required to release a Milestone.
To log in, you must connect a Stellar-compatible wallet. Read more in the .
Learn more at.
🔹 Ready to start? Access the 🔹 Need support? Join our Telegram or Ask our AI.
This step is performed by the Release Signer, who authorizes the funds to be released to the Service Provider.
Instructions to Release Payment
Go to the Release Signer Tab
Navigate to the Escrows section in the sidebar.
Click on the Release Signer tab to filter the escrows where your wallet is assigned as the Release Signer.
Select the Escrow for Payment Release
Find the escrow where the milestone has been approved.
Click on it to open the Escrow Details Modal.
Verify Milestone Status
Ensure that the milestone has been completed and approved (indicated by 100% completion and approval).
The Release Payment button should now be active.
Click on "Release Payment"
This action will initiate a blockchain transaction to release the funds.
A wallet transaction confirmation will appear.
Sign the Transaction
A request will pop up in your Stellar wallet (e.g., Freighter).
Review the transaction details (fees, escrow ID, recipient, amount).
Click Sign to confirm and execute the payment.
Payment Released Successfully
Once the transaction is confirmed, the escrow balance will update to reflect the release.
✅ Success! The funds have now been transferred to the Service Provider!
join us in TG!
We are also active on Dojo Coding community. This is aimed at Latam OS devs, and most content is in Spanish.
Kindfy is one of the standout projects emerging from Trustless Work, demonstrating the transformative potential of blockchain-powered escrows. Focused on social aid and impact, Kindfy is building a crowdfunding platform designed to connect funders with projects that make a difference.
Kindfy seeks to revolutionize how aid and social impact projects are funded by offering:
🛠️ Transparency: Leveraging Trustless Work’s escrow technology to ensure every contribution is securely held and released only when milestones are met.
🌱 Inclusivity: Providing an accessible platform for small and large-scale projects alike.
💡 Flexibility: Supporting both milestone-based and lump-sum fund releases.
💼 A Pitch That Resonated Alberto successfully pitched Kindfy to representatives from USAID and other government programs, garnering strong interest in the platform’s ability to ensure accountability and transparency in funding.
🌐 Expanding Networks Outreach to foundations and NGOs in Costa Rica has begun to:
Understand the unique challenges these organizations face in securing and managing funding.
Explore how Kindfy can address these pain points and serve as an exemplary application of Trustless Work’s infrastructure.
Kindfy is not just a product—it’s a proof of concept for how blockchain technology can enable social good. By leveraging Trustless Work, Kindfy demonstrates how secure and transparent escrows can empower:
Donors: Ensuring their contributions are used as intended.
Project Leaders: Providing a trusted platform to attract more funding.
Communities: Driving impact through trust and accountability.
Kindfy is poised to become a flagship example of what’s possible with Trustless Work, paving the way for more social impact projects to embrace blockchain-powered escrows.
Whether you’re a foundation, an NGO, or an individual looking to fund meaningful initiatives, Kindfy represents the next evolution in trust-based crowdfunding.
Once an escrow is initialized, the next step is to fund it. Funding locks the transaction amount in the escrow contract until conditions are met.
Navigate to the Escrows section.
Click on the escrow you want to fund.
A modal window will appear with detailed information:
Escrow Title & Description
Assigned Roles (Approver, Service Provider, etc.)
Milestones & Status
Escrow ID (Top right)
📌 The Escrow ID is crucial for funding.
Option 1: Send Funds Directly to the Escrow ID
Copy the Escrow ID from the modal.
Open your Stellar wallet.
Send USDC or XLM to the Escrow ID just like you would send funds to any Stellar address.
🔹 Anyone with a Stellar wallet can fund the escrow using this method.
Option 2: Use the QR Code
Click on "Show QR Address".
Scan the QR Code with a mobile wallet app.
The wallet will automatically recognize the Escrow ID and prompt a transaction.
Option 3: Use the "Fund Escrow" Button (Recommended)
Click "Fund Escrow" in the modal.
A new dialog will appear asking how much to deposit.
Enter the desired amount and click "Fund Escrow".
Your wallet (Freighter, Albedo, etc.) will pop up for transaction review & signing.
Confirm and sign the transaction.
After funding:
✅ The escrow balance updates. ✅ The status progresses (e.g., “Funded” or “Working”). ✅ Milestones can now be marked as completed and approved.
🚀 Next Step: Marking Milestones as Complete
Trustless Work is on an exciting journey to build the next generation of Smart Escrows, and we’re accelerating towards our mainnet launch. Below is an overview of our short-term goals as we prepare to make trustless escrows accessible to all.
We’re working hard to launch Trustless Work on the Stellar mainnet sometime in Q1 2025.
Our priority is to ensure that the system is secure, scalable, and ready for real-world adoption. The launch will mark a major milestone as Smart Escrows become available for anyone to integrate and use.
We’re developing open-source developer tools and templates in collaboration with the community.
These tools will make it easier for developers to create custom workflows, adapt escrow solutions, and quickly integrate Smart Escrows into their applications—paving the way for smooth adoption post-launch.
We plan to integrate Stellar partner on/off ramps into our open-source templates, providing easy conversion of USDC to local fiat and vice versa.
This will make it even easier for users to get onboarded and start using Smart Escrows without worrying about blockchain complexities—providing a bridge between crypto and traditional finance.
As we prepare for the mainnet launch, we are providing hands-on support to our first adopters and builders who are already exploring exciting use cases with Trustless Work.
This includes helping them integrate escrows, offering insights, and co-developing solutions that fit their unique needs—ensuring they succeed in building value-driven applications.
The mainnet launch will be just the beginning. As we grow, we envision more features, templates, and use cases being developed in collaboration with our community—ensuring that Trustless Work remains a trusted, scalable, and accessible solution for escrow services in the modern economy.
1. Navigate to the Escrows Section
Click on "Escrows" in the sidebar.
This will take you to the "Initiated Escrows" tab.
Escrow tabs are organized by role (Approver, Service Provider, Dispute Resolver, etc.).
If you don’t see any escrows, it means your wallet hasn't been assigned a role yet.
2. Click "Create Escrow"
This starts the Escrow Initialization Flow.
3. Fill in Escrow Details
To configure an escrow, you need to define roles and key parameters:
✅ Title → Name your escrow. ✅ Description → A summary of the contract. ✅ Approver → Who approves milestone completion. ✅ Service Provider → The person/entity delivering the service/product. ✅ Engagement → A unique ID (e.g., invoice, contract, project ID). ✅ Platform Address → The platform receiving fees and modifying milestones. ✅ Amount → The total amount locked in escrow. ✅ Release Signer → The entity that releases funds. ✅ Dispute Resolver → Handles disputes if needed. ✅ Milestones → Conditions that must be completed & approved.
🔹 Make sure you know the wallet addresses that will play each role before proceeding!
➡️ Click "Initialize Escrow" once all details are set.
4. Sign the Transaction
Your wallet (Freighter, Albedo, etc.) will prompt you to confirm and sign the transaction.
This deploys the escrow contract on Stellar Testnet.
Once signed, the escrow is now active.
5. Escrow Successfully Initialized!
You will receive a confirmation pop-up with:
The Escrow ID.
A link to view the escrow on Stellar Explorer.
✅ Your escrow will now be visible in the "Initiated Escrows" tab! If you used the same wallet for all roles, it will appear across all tabs.
🔹 Try creating another escrow with multiple addresses by opening a Testnet wallet in incognito mode! 🔹 Proceed to the Funding Phase – Learn how to deposit funds into your escrow.
Welcome to the Trustless Work open-source community! 🚀 We appreciate your interest in contributing and helping us build Escrow Infrastructure for the New Economy. This guide will walk you through the process of contributing effectively.
If you want to contribute and get rewarded, apply through on Only Dust. Only Dust makes life easier for maintainers since it handles rewards for us. You might (or might not :( ) get rewarded and it is not in our hands. Stellar sponsors OD Campaigns and the rewards come from them. Thanks Stellar!
Once assigned a task, please follow these guidelines:
Fork the repository on GitHub.
Clone your forked repository to your local machine:
Set the upstream remote to sync with the main repo:
Ensure you're on the latest version of develop
:
We follow a structured branching model to keep contributions organized.
main
→ The production-ready branch (DO NOT push here directly).
develop
→ The active development branch where features are merged.
Create a branch based on the type of change:
Features: feat/feature-name
Example: feat/escrow-ui
Bug Fixes: fix/bug-description
Example: fix/api-response-error
Documentation: docs/update-name
Example: docs/getting-started-guide
Refactoring: refactor/code-improvement
Example: refactor/clean-smart-contracts
Always create a new branch before making changes:
✅ Keep changes small and atomic. ✅ Follow commit message guidelines (see below). ✅ Ensure tests pass before submitting a PR. ✅ Format code using our linting and formatting rules.
Use a clear and concise commit message format:
Examples:
feat: add escrow approval system
fix: resolve API timeout issue
docs: update README with setup instructions
Types:
feat
: New feature
fix
: Bug fix
docs
: Documentation update
refactor
: Code restructuring
style
: Code formatting (no logic changes)
test
: Adding or updating tests
build
: Changes to build process or dependencies
ci
: Changes to CI/CD setup
chore
: Miscellaneous updates
Go to the original repo on GitHub.
Click New Pull Request.
Select develop
as the base branch and your feature branch as the compare branch.
Provide a clear description of the changes.
Submit for review!
✅ Maintainers will review the PR and provide feedback.
✅ If requested, make changes and push updates to your PR.
✅ Once approved, the PR is merged into develop
.
✅ After testing, develop
is merged into main
for production.
Happy coding! 🎉
What is escrow? Blockchain-based escrows vs. traditional solutions.
An arrangement in which a third party temporarily holds funds or assets on behalf of two other parties who are completing a transaction.
In traditional finance, escrow services are often offered by banks, lawyers, or specialized custodians.
In Trustless Work, escrow is managed by a smart contract — no third-party custodian needed.
A blockchain-based escrow contract that executes programmable rules.
Automatically releases funds based on milestone completion
Ensures no single party can unilaterally move funds
Fully auditable and transparent
Each participant in an escrow plays one or more roles:
Milestone Marker – submits work or progress
Approver – validates the work
Release Signer – signs off on fund release
Receiver – ultimately receives payment
Platform – optionally collects fees or mediates disputes
A structured flow that defines how a transaction progresses:
Initiation – Create the contract and define rules
Funding – Lock funds into escrow
Milestone Update – Mark work as complete
Approval – Approver verifies the milestone
Release – Funds are released
Dispute Resolution – (Optional) arbitration if there's disagreement
A cryptocurrency pegged to a stable asset, such as the US dollar.
Trustless Work supports:
USDC on Stellar
Testnet assets for development
Means that no centralized party holds your funds. Only the contract and designated signers can move assets. This is core to how Trustless Work operates.
A reference field that links an escrow to an external system — like an invoice number, contract, or project.
Useful for indexing, notifications, or dispute resolution.
A setting on the Stellar network that lets an account accept a specific token.
Required for using USDC or other stablecoins
Trustless Work escrows require that the sender and receiver both have trustlines to the asset used
The structure of the data that defines an escrow contract.
Common fields:
escrow_id
engagement_id
amount
asset
receiver
approver
release_signer
We’re always expanding this section. Let us know what terms you'd like us to clarify!
📌 Tip: If you want to understand roles in escrows, refer to the
📖 – Browse our repositories. 💬 – Connect with other contributors.
🔗 See
🔗 Learn more in the
🔗 Full explanation:
🔗 Setup guide:
🔗
🔗 Full structure in the
Escrow has evolved from simple trust-based agreements between ancient traders to sophisticated smart contract systems on the blockchain. Here, we take a journey through the history of escrow and how it adapted to meet the needs of an ever-changing world.
Explore each stage of escrow’s history:
From its birth in ancient civilizations to its formalization in medieval England and spread to colonial America.
The rise of banks formalizing escrow for mortgages, industry, and railroads.
The transformation during the late 20th century with the rise of online commerce.
How blockchain and smart contracts revolutionized trust, making escrow programmable and trustless.
Trustless Work is dedicated to making Smart Escrows accessible for all platforms and developers. To achieve this, we provide open-source templates and developer tools that streamline the integration of escrows—helping you go from concept to implementation without unnecessary complexity.
Our open-source templates are ready-made solutions that allow developers to quickly implement escrow workflows. These templates cover a variety of common use cases, enabling teams to integrate Smart Escrows with minimal effort, while still retaining the flexibility to customize as needed.
The developer tools further enhance this process by providing a suite of resources that make it easy to integrate, test, and deploy Smart Escrows effectively.
Ready-Made Escrow Workflows 🏗️
Templates are provided for milestone payments, rental security deposits, crowdfunding, and more.
Each template comes with pre-configured settings, allowing you to understand how Smart Escrows can work in your scenario and quickly adapt the code to fit your platform.
Speed and Efficiency 🚀
Fast Implementation: The templates are designed to be as plug-and-play as possible, allowing you to get started with Smart Escrows without writing complex smart contract logic yourself.
Pre-Built Workflows: Each template includes the necessary business logic for the escrow flow, meaning less time spent on development and more time focusing on your unique value proposition.
Customizable and Adaptable ⚙️
While our templates provide out-of-the-box workflows, they are also highly customizable. You can easily adjust conditions, roles, and milestones to better fit your platform’s needs.
By being open-source, developers can modify these templates however they wish—adapting the workflows to match specific business logic or unique requirements.
Integrate with the Trustless Work API: All templates are designed to work seamlessly with the Trustless Work API, enabling you to set up, fund, and manage escrows with ease.
Utilize Smart Contracts: Templates leverage our open-source smart contracts on Soroban, ensuring that all escrow activities are transparent, secure, and executed in a trustless manner.
For Developers of All Levels: Whether you're new to blockchain or an experienced developer, these tools abstract away the blockchain complexities, allowing you to focus on integrating features that create value for your users.
Milestone-Based Payments: A template designed for freelancer and project-based platforms, allowing you to hold funds and release them upon milestone completions.
Security Deposit Escrows: Ideal for rental platforms, this template allows for secure holding of deposits, ensuring that funds are only released when both parties agree.
Crowdfunding Campaigns: A template for managing funds raised in crowdfunding, holding contributions securely until funding goals are met or milestones are reached.
These templates reduce integration friction, enabling developers to take advantage of Smart Escrows without having to build the entire logic from scratch.
Escrows are a critical financial tool that ensures security, trust, and transparency in transactions. Traditionally, escrows involve a neutral third party that holds funds until specific conditions are met, protecting both buyers and sellers.
In an age of increasing digitization and decentralized systems, escrows are evolving—moving from being dependent on centralized authorities like banks to blockchain-powered smart contracts. But how exactly do escrows work? Why are they so effective, and why is blockchain the next frontier for escrows?
Let’s dive in. 🚀
Escrows are more relevant today than ever, especially with the rise of the digital economy and the increasing need for secure transactions. Escrows are used across a variety of industries, each requiring different levels of trust and transparency. Here are some common use cases:
Platforms like eBay and Amazon Marketplace utilize escrows to ensure that buyers get the products they ordered and sellers receive payment only when all conditions are met.
Upwork and Fiverr use escrows to hold funds securely during projects, ensuring freelancers are paid for their work and clients are assured of delivery before funds are released.
Buying and selling domain names involves significant sums of money, and escrows are crucial to ensure both buyer and seller meet their obligations.
Services like Escrow.com specialize in providing safe transactions for domain sales, holding the payment until the domain is successfully transferred.
Escrow accounts are an integral part of real estate transactions, where banks or escrow agents hold funds until all contractual obligations are met (e.g., inspections, legal paperwork).
Escrows minimize risk in property deals by ensuring the buyer gets what they pay for and the seller gets their funds securely.
During company acquisitions, escrow accounts hold a portion of the funds to cover any future liabilities or to ensure that specific conditions are met before the sale is fully executed.
Escrow is used to hold investments or funds raised until certain project milestones are reached. This is common in startup funding rounds or community-backed crowdfunding projects.
Escrow accounts are being used in car rentals to securely hold security deposits, which are only released once the car is returned without damage or extra charges.
Escrows play an essential role across a variety of industries. Now, blockchain technology is pushing escrows into a new era—making them trustless, efficient, and accessible.
Click below to explore the next chapters and learn why blockchain-based escrows are a game-changer!
📜 : Discover the roots of escrows, from their origins in property sales to their modern use in the digital economy.
🔒 : Understand how blockchain is transforming the escrow process and why it’s the future of secure transactions.
The 19th and 20th centuries marked a significant evolution in escrow's history, driven by the rise of banking institutions and the changing needs of a rapidly industrializing world. During this era, escrows became a critical component of managing large-scale transactions, from railroads to mortgages, providing security and trust in complex deals.
Banks as Formal Escrow Agents
With the rise of banking institutions in the 19th century, escrow found its place in the formal financial system. Banks took on the role of trusted intermediaries, providing the infrastructure to secure funds until conditions were satisfied.
Industrial Expansion: The Industrial Revolution brought about a surge of new industries and increased wealth, requiring more structured ways to manage financial risk. Banks emerged as the go-to solution for securing transactions between parties that did not always know or trust each other.
A New Level of Formality
Escrow agreements became more standardized, with banks acting as custodians for deposits that would only be released once specific milestones were met. This added a layer of professionalism and security to what had previously been informal arrangements.
Railroad Expansion in the U.S.
During the expansion of railroads in the United States, the stakes were incredibly high—vast amounts of land, money, and labor were involved. Escrows played a crucial role in managing complex deals between:
Landowners: Selling property required for railroad tracks.
Investors: Providing the capital needed to fund the expansion.
Railroad Companies: Responsible for fulfilling construction and operational obligations.
Why Escrow Was Needed
Escrow ensured that funds were securely held until all the conditions were met, such as construction milestones or land agreements. This not only mitigated financial risk but also ensured transparency for all parties.
Post-World War II Developments
After World War II, the housing market experienced significant growth, with millions of families buying homes. Escrow accounts became a standard feature in mortgage agreements.
Property Taxes & Insurance: Escrow accounts helped manage property taxes and insurance payments, ensuring that obligations were met consistently and providing stability during a period of rapid social change.
Escrow for Everyday Transactions
This era wasn’t just about large-scale industrial applications; escrow began to take on a role in everyday financial transactions. Whether it was buying a home or financing a business, escrows were there to ensure everyone kept their end of the bargain.
Corporate World Adoption
During the mid-20th century, escrow services became a vital part of corporate transactions such as mergers and acquisitions. Companies needed a way to securely manage the transfer of assets until all the terms of an agreement were fulfilled.
Neutrality & Trust: Banks provided a neutral third party to hold funds or assets, ensuring that deals were carried out smoothly, and both parties were protected against any form of default or unexpected changes.
Complex Financial Deals
As businesses grew more interconnected, the complexity of financial deals increased. Escrow became a way to reduce risk and ensure that even in the most complicated transactions, obligations were met fairly.
🏛️ Rise of Banks: Formalizing escrow by establishing banks as trusted intermediaries.
🚂 Industrial Revolution: The rise of railroads and industry made escrow a necessity for high-value, complex transactions.
🏠 Housing Market Boom: Post-war escrow accounts secured mortgages, taxes, and insurance—bringing escrow into the lives of everyday people.
🤝 Mergers & Acquisitions: Corporate deals relied on escrow to ensure smooth and secure transfers of assets.
The Banking Era laid the foundation for the widespread, institutional use of escrow. It was a time when the concept of holding funds securely began to move from the fringes of financial practice to the core of modern economic systems.
Want to see how escrow adapted to the age of the internet? Discover how the digital era transformed escrow into a fully online service, bringing security to e-commerce and remote transactions.
Escrow has been a fundamental concept throughout history—enabling trust between traders, merchants, and individuals. It has evolved from the simplest of arrangements to more formalized processes, adapting to the needs of each era. Let's explore how it all began:
Origins of Escrow
The earliest roots of escrow can be traced back to ancient times, when intermediaries would hold money or goods until a transaction was complete. This practice was used to foster trust between traders, especially when long distances were involved.
Merchants and Trade Routes: Early traders relied on trusted individuals or community leaders to oversee exchanges, particularly in complex transactions involving precious goods like silk, spices, or metals.
Purpose: The goal was simple—make sure both parties kept their promises, reducing the risk for both buyer and seller.
Formal Property Transactions
During the medieval era in England, escrow became an important part of property sales. Third-party custodians, often clergy or local officials, were trusted to hold deeds or funds until the legal terms were satisfied.
Feudal Land Transfers: In a time when property rights were of utmost importance, escrows ensured fair transfers of land. These early custodians added a layer of formality and neutrality to the process, making sure that obligations were met before ownership changed hands.
Escrow as a Social Institution
These arrangements laid the groundwork for the modern concept of escrow, where an impartial entity acts to secure both parties' interests, preventing disputes and ensuring compliance.
New Frontiers, New Trust Requirements
As Europeans colonized North America, the need for fair land transactions and property agreements led to the spread of escrow practices. The vast, untamed land presented unique challenges and opportunities.
Ensuring Fairness: Escrow became a common feature in colonial property deals, as it was essential to ensure fair exchanges between settlers, landowners, and governments in a new and unpredictable environment.
Building a New Society
In the expanding colonial world, escrow practices provided a neutral ground in the often chaotic landscape of property sales, resource deals, and agreements. It was all about creating trust where none existed before—a key part of establishing stability in the New World.
🌍 Ancient Civilizations: Intermediaries were used to secure trades and build trust over long distances.
🏰 Medieval England: Property transfers became more formalized, using custodians like clergy to secure transactions.
🌎 Colonial America: Escrow ensured fairness in property sales and helped establish trust in a rapidly developing society.
Escrow’s evolution in these early periods was driven by the universal need for fairness and security. These foundational concepts would continue to evolve, paving the way for the next era: the formalization of escrow during the Banking Era and beyond.
Ready to see how banks took escrow to the next level during the Industrial Revolution? Learn about the rise of banks as formal escrow agents and how they influenced modern financial transactions.
The internet age has transformed how people buy, sell, and connect. Escrow services have adapted, shifting from physical paperwork and bank intermediaries to digital platforms that serve the vast, impersonal world of e-commerce. However, despite these advancements, the digital age brings significant challenges—particularly around fiat payments, Know Your Business (KYB) processes, and the inability to create custom escrow solutions. Let’s explore how escrow works today and its ongoing limitations.
The Emergence of Online Transactions
Today, online marketplaces like eBay and Amazon require secure systems to manage transactions between buyers and sellers who often have no prior relationship, making trust a significant challenge.
Digital Escrow services help bridge this gap by ensuring that goods and services are exchanged securely, even when the parties involved are separated by thousands of miles.
Companies That Pioneered Digital Escrow
Companies like Escrow.com are still filling this trust gap, acting as a neutral party that holds funds until both sides fulfill their obligations.
Digital escrow brings a sense of security to transactions that could otherwise feel risky, but it also comes with inherent limitations due to reliance on traditional payment rails.
Escrow for E-Commerce
For platforms like eBay, escrow services act as a crucial trust layer. Buyers know their money won’t be transferred until they receive the item as described, and sellers are assured they will get paid once they deliver.
The impersonal nature of the internet necessitates renewed forms of trust, and digital escrow becomes the digital handshake—replacing what is lost in face-to-face transactions.
High-Value Domains and Digital Assets
Domain name sales and other high-value digital assets depend on escrow to ensure ownership is only transferred once payment is secure.
Digital escrow also facilitates the trade of other digital assets—ranging from licenses to virtual goods—by bridging the gap between people across the globe.
Fiat Payment Rails: Slow and Costly
Digital escrows today still rely on fiat payment rails such as banks and payment processors, which introduce significant delays and fees. Settlement times can take days or even weeks, particularly for cross-border transactions.
Currency Conversion Challenges: Moving funds internationally often requires currency conversion, adding additional layers of complexity, cost, and time, which are challenging for both businesses and consumers.
Complex KYB (Know Your Business) Processes
Escrow providers are required to conduct rigorous KYB checks for businesses that want to use their services. This involves bureaucracy and paperwork, making the onboarding process slow and cumbersome.
High Barriers for Small Businesses: These KYB requirements make it almost impossible for smaller or independent businesses to seamlessly set up escrow services. For many, the process is prohibitively lengthy, acting as a barrier to entry.
No Flexibility for Custom Escrow Solutions
Centralized Control: Most digital escrow platforms are centralized, meaning the service provider retains full control of the funds during the escrow period. Users depend entirely on the platform's infrastructure.
Impossible to Innovate: It’s virtually impossible to program your own escrow or adapt escrow solutions to specific business needs with the current setup. Innovators are restricted by existing platforms, which don’t provide the flexibility needed to create bespoke escrow solutions or to integrate directly with other systems.
Challenges and Opportunities
Centralized Escrow Services: Even though they offer more convenience than traditional banks, centralized digital escrow providers still present limitations like high fees, processing delays, and the necessity to trust the platform itself.
Need for Speed and Flexibility: Today’s digital economy demands instant settlement and a more flexible escrow solution. Current reliance on fiat rails and cumbersome KYB processes emphasizes the need for a new model—one where trust can be distributed and transactions executed instantly.
Enter Blockchain
These ongoing challenges are paving the way for blockchain-based escrows. The need for decentralization, reduced fees, instant payments, and programmability is leading escrow to evolve towards a trustless system, built on cryptographic security and smart contracts.
🌐 Rise of Online Commerce: Escrow adapted to e-commerce by providing a trusted way for buyers and sellers to transact.
🖥️ Digital Platforms: Services like Escrow.com ensure high-value online transactions are safe, making escrow accessible to individuals and small businesses.
👥 Freelance and Gig Economy: Digital escrow is critical for securing payments between freelancers and clients in the gig economy.
⚠️ Limitations of Today’s Digital Escrow:
Fiat Rails: Settlement times are still slow, and cross-border transactions add complexity and cost.
KYB Bureaucracy: The onboarding process remains cumbersome, preventing smaller businesses from leveraging escrow.
Lack of Flexibility: Centralized control prevents users from innovating or customizing escrow solutions.
🔗 The Need for Blockchain: These limitations highlight why blockchain is the next logical step, offering speed, transparency, and programmability.
The Digital Era has brought escrow into the online world, but the limitations of fiat payment systems, KYB requirements, and lack of flexibility mean it is far from perfect. Escrow today is ripe for transformation—a transformation that blockchain is perfectly suited to deliver.
Ready to see how escrow is transforming into a decentralized, smart contract-powered service? Explore how blockchain and smart contracts are reshaping escrow, making it trustless and programmable.
The Blockchain Era represents a revolutionary shift in the way escrow works, taking the concept from centralized financial institutions to decentralized, trustless systems powered by smart contracts. With blockchain, the need for human intermediaries is removed, replaced by code that guarantees transparency, security, and automation.
The 21st century brought about the rise of blockchain technology, transforming how we think about trust and risk. Blockchain introduced decentralization, meaning there is no single point of control or failure.
Instead of relying on human intermediaries like banks or escrow agents, smart contracts became the core mechanism for executing transactions based on pre-set conditions. These contracts are secure, transparent, and enforced by cryptographic proof, making it possible to hold funds until all parties fulfill their commitments.
Blockchain escrows ensure that transactions are tamper-proof and auditable by all, providing a level of fairness and reliability that is unparalleled by traditional systems.
Ethereum, launched in 2015, was the first major platform to support smart contracts—self-executing contracts where the terms of the agreement are directly written into code.
Ethereum-based Smart Escrows: With Ethereum, escrows could become truly decentralized. The need for a middleman was eliminated; instead, funds are held in a smart contract until all pre-defined conditions are met. These contracts are:
Tamper-Proof: Once a contract is live on the blockchain, no party can alter it without consensus, which ensures trust.
Programmable: Developers could now program trust directly into their applications, enabling escrow services across many industries—from real estate to token swaps.
Challenges with Ethereum Escrows
Gas Fees: One of the major limitations of Ethereum is the high transaction (gas) fees, which make smaller transactions costly.
Scalability: Ethereum's current capacity to handle transactions is limited, often leading to network congestion and delays.
Enter Stellar, a blockchain designed for scalable and low-cost financial applications. Unlike Ethereum, Stellar’s mission is to make global payments accessible and seamless, and with the introduction of Soroban—Stellar’s smart contract platform—the new generation of smart contracts is here.
Rust-Based Smart Contracts: Soroban uses Rust, a language known for its security, efficiency, and speed. This new generation of contracts offers:
Low-Cost Execution: Stellar’s network is designed to maintain low fees, which makes it ideal for frequent, smaller-value transactions.
Scalability: The Stellar blockchain handles thousands of transactions per second, making it more suitable for widespread adoption of escrow solutions.
Optimized for Compliance: Stellar’s architecture is designed with regulatory compliance in mind, which makes it easier to build solutions that can integrate into existing legal and financial frameworks.
Programmable and Scalable: Smart contracts on Stellar allow for programmable escrows that are affordable and fast, perfect for the needs of modern, global commerce.
Cross-Border Capabilities: Stellar is uniquely positioned to handle cross-border payments efficiently, making it an ideal platform for international escrow services that are traditionally bogged down by currency conversion and regulatory barriers.
Trustless Work is taking the concept of smart contracts and turning it into a scalable infrastructure that can support next-generation escrow services. Our vision is to make escrow accessible, transparent, and programmable for all, creating what we call Smart Escrows.
Open-Source Infrastructure: Trustless Work is building this infrastructure with an open-source approach—inviting developers, platforms, and innovators to build, improve, and integrate. By making our core technology accessible to all, we are laying the foundation for an entire ecosystem of decentralized trust.
Smart Escrow Templates: We provide ready-to-use templates for common use cases, such as real estate, crowdfunding, and service agreements, to make integrating escrow services easier for businesses of all sizes.
Escrow-as-a-Service (EaaS): We are also working towards providing Escrow-as-a-Service, allowing businesses to integrate escrow into their workflows with minimal setup, complete transparency, and a high degree of customizability.
The ultimate goal is to make trust a default feature of transactions—where funds are held and released automatically based on pre-set conditions, reducing friction and allowing platforms to focus on their growth.
Decentralized and Trustless: Trustless Work is creating a future where escrow services are decentralized, automated, and trustless. We are embedding trust into the very fabric of the economy—ensuring fairness and transparency without relying on intermediaries.
🌍 Redefining Trust: Blockchain and smart contracts remove intermediaries, offering decentralized, trustless escrow services.
⚙️ Ethereum’s Role: Ethereum pioneered smart contracts, making programmable escrow a reality—though with high fees and scalability issues.
✨ Stellar’s Evolution: Stellar introduces scalable, low-cost smart contracts with Soroban, ideal for cross-border and frequent transactions.
🚀 Trustless Work’s Vision: Building the infrastructure for Smart Escrows, making escrow programmable, accessible, and open-source to support a growing ecosystem.
EaaS for All: Trustless Work is scaling escrow solutions to serve new markets and provide flexible escrow services through Escrow-as-a-Service.
Interested in seeing how Trustless Work's open-source infrastructure can help you integrate Smart Escrows? Dive into our technical architecture or explore our use cases to understand how easy it is to get started.
ID (address) that identifies the escrow contract
CAZ6UQX7...
Address of the user signing the contract transaction
GSIGN...XYZ
No content
Signer of the transaction
No content
Entity that signs the transaction that deploys and initializes the escrow
GABC...XYZ
Unique identifier for the escrow
ENG12345
Name of the escrow
Escrow Test
Text describing the function of the escrow
Escrow Test description
Address of the entity requiring the service
GAPPROVER...XYZ
Address of the entity providing the service
GSERVICE...XYZ
Address of the platform that owns the escrow
GPLATFORM...XYZ
Amount to be transferred upon completion of escrow milestones
1000
Commission that the platform will receive when the escrow is completed
5 -> 5%
Objectives to be completed to define the escrow as completed.
Address of the user in charge of releasing the escrow funds to the service provider
GREL...XYZ
Address in charge of resolving disputes within the escrow
GDISPUTE...XYZ
Address of the user to whom the escrow funds will be destined to
GRECEIVER...XYZ
Field used to identify the recipient's address in transactions through an intermediary account. This value is included as a memo in the transaction and allows the funds to be correctly routed to the wallet of the specified recipient
123456
Address of the token that will manage USDC movements
GTRUST...XYZ
Number of decimal places determining the divisibility of the token base unit (trustline)
68890890
No content
ID (address) that identifies the escrow contract
ENG12345
Entity that signs the transaction that deploys and initializes the escrow
GSIGN...XYZ
Amount to transfer to the escrow contract
100
No content
ID (address) that identifies the escrow contract
CAZ6UQX7...
milestone within the group of milestones in the escrow
1
New value for the status property within the escrow milestone
Completed
Address of the entity providing the service
Completed
No content
ID (address) that identifies the escrow contract
CAZ6UQX7...
Address of the user defined to resolve disputes in an escrow
GDISPUTE...XYZ
Amount to transfer to the approver for dispute resolution
300
Amount to transfer to the service provider for dispute resolution
700
No content
ID (address) that identifies the escrow contract
CAZ6UQX7...
Address of the user in charge of releasing the escrow funds to the service provider
GREL...XYZ
No content
ID (address) that identifies the escrow contract
CAZ6UQX7...
Position that identifies the milestone within the group of milestones in the escrow
1
New value for the flag property within the escrow milestone
true
Address of the entity requiring the service
GCLIENT...XYZ
No content
ID (address) that identifies the escrow contract
CAZ6UQX7...
Entity that signs the transaction that deploys and initializes the escrow
GSIGN...XYZ
No content
Entity that signs the transaction that deploys and initializes the escrow
GSIGN...XYZ
ID (address) that identifies the escrow contract
CAZ6UQX7...
Escrow data to update
No content
The key of the secret source account that will be used to set the trustline
GABC...XYZ
No content
The sign's hash. This come from the wallet
AAAAAgAAAAB...
If a return escrow data is needed (Note that not all contract functions return data from an escrow)
true
No content